DNA

DNA (short for

deoxyribonucleic acid) is the
single most important molecule
in living cells.
DNA

The shape of DNA is double

helix.
 DNA vs RNA

DNA (DOUBLE helix) RNA (SINGLE helix)

 DNA

} Genes
The basic unit of the genetic
material is genes.
 DNA

DNA are large molecules.

You have about 9 million

kilometers of DNA in your
body
 DNA
If you unravelled all the DNA molecules in your body and placed them end
to end, it would stretch to the Sun and back several times.
 DNA
If you were to write down the codes for all the chemicals in your
DNA, it would fill about 200 phone books - about 3 billion letters!
DNA

In the past, people

thought that physical and
mental characteristics
were passed on genetically
through our blood.

However, the red blood

cells have no DNA!
 DNA

Nucleus control the cells

and it contains the
chromosomes
DNA

DNA made up of 4 bases

A, T, G, C

A will bond with T

G will bond with C
 DNA

Have you ever heard of mutation?

In comics, mutations( 基因突变） can

be described as superpowers. Sure,
these powers mights make people
mutants in comics books. Just like
superman, iron man and spiderman.
It makes people to become special.
 DNA

Mutation （基因突变） is
a change that occurs in our
DNA sequence. It can be
due to mistakes such as
radiation or smoking.

Example ：
G bond with A
Deletion of C base
Chromosome
 Chromosome
DNA is organised into structures called chromosomes within the cell.
 Chromosomes

Chromosome is a
thread of DNA,
made up of a string
of genes
 Chromosomes

Each one of us have total

46 chromosomes, which
means we all have 23
pairs of chromosomes
 Chromosomes

The 23rd pair -- the

sex chromosomes
differ from males
and females
Chromosomes
 Chromosomes

There is a 50% chance of an XX or XY

combination.

Which means when your mother is

pregnant, the chances of having male baby
is 50%, and the chances of having female
baby is also 50%.
Genes, DNA and Chromosomes
 Chromosomes

A change in the number

of chromosomes can
cause problems with
growth, development,
and function of the
body's systems.
 Chromosomes

This is called “down syndrome”