Welcome

INTRODUCTION
THERE IS AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF
THE LADDERS IN FIRE SERVICE. SOME
TIME WE FIND OUR SELF UNABLE TO
CARRY OUT FIRE FIGHTING OR
RESCUE OPERATION AT HIGHER
LEVEL OR IN AN AWKWARD POSITION.
IN THESE CONDITIONS, WE USE THE
LADDER AND OVERCOME THE
DIFFICULT SITUATIONS.
 TYPES OF LADDERS
THERE ARE MAINLY FOUR TYPES
OF LADDERS, WHICH ARE
REGULARLY USED IN FIRE
SERVICE.
HOOK LADDER.
EXTENSION LADDER.
TURN TABLE LADDER
HYDRAULIC PLATFORM
 CLASSIFICATION OF LADDER

 (1)MANUALLY OPERATED LADDER

(A) Extension Ladder ---
(i) 4.5 m Extn. Ladder
(ii) 7.5 m Extn. Ladder
(iii) 10.5m Extn. Ladder
(B) Non-Extension Ladder --
(i) First Floor Ladder
(ii) Hook ladder
(iii) Rope Ladder
(iv) Scaling Ladder
 CLASSIFICATION OF
LADDER
(2) MECHANICALLY OPERATED
LADDER
(i) Turn Table Ladder

(ii) Hydraulic Platform

(iii) Snarkal unit

 35’ ALLOY ALUMINIUM
EXTENSION LADDER
 CONSTRUCTION
FEATURES:
 Name :- 35’Alloy Aluminum Extension Ladder.
 Length of the Strings :- 21 Feet Each.
 Over lapping :- 07 Feet
 Length of Extending Line :- 42-45 Feet
 String to String distance :-
Main part - 15’’-18’
Extension part- 12’’-15’’
 35’ ALLOY ALUMINIUM
EXTENSION LADDER
 Round to Round distance :- 09’’-12’’
 Length of Round : - Main Part :- 15’’-18’’
Extension part-12’’-15’’
 Safety Working Distance : -
1/4 or 1/5 of extending span.

 Weight of ladder : - 48 Kgs.

 Extending Line Circumference:- 1.5’’- 2.75’’

 Safety Devices:- Moltitainer safety Cap,

Extension Lock
 PITCHING HINTS OF
 LADDER
IN CASE OF TRUSSED LADDER ,TRUSSING MUST
BE ON THE UNDER SIDE TO GIVE A CLEAR
WORKING FACE.
 LADDER SHOULD ALWAYS PITCHED IN SUCH
A WAY THAT A LITTLE SPACE IS LEFT ON
RIGHT SIDE AND MORE SPACE ON LEFT SIDE.

 HEAD OF THE LADDER SHOULD BE WELL

ABOVE THE SILL OF THE WINDOW AS IT IS
ONLY THAN EASIER TO STEP ON OR TO STEP
OFF THE LADDER EVEN WHEN CARRYING
DOWN A CASUALITY.
 PITCHING HINTS OF

LADDER
WHERE WINDOW IS NARROW, LADDER
SHOULD REST ON THE WALL PREFERABLY
TO THE RIGHT SIDE &NOT ON THE SILL SO
THAT A MAXIMUM SPACE IS LEFT FOR
WORKING AND ENTERING THE BUILDING.
 LADDER SHOULD BE PITCHED AT SAFE
WORKING ANGLE IN WHICH CASE THE
DISTANCE OF HEEL OF THE LADDER FROM
THE WALL SHOULD BE BETWEEN 1/4th & 1/5th
OF THE EXTENDED SPAN OF THE LADDER.
 CLIMBING HINTS OF

LADDER
LADDER SHOULD BE CLIMBED
STEADILY BY KEEPING THE BODY
ERECT,THE ARMS STATE, & SLIGHTLY
LOOKING UPWARD. THE CLIMBER
SHOULD NOT WATCH HIS FEET
WHEN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING
THE LADDER.

 THE FEET SHOULD BE KEPT TOWARDS

THE CENTE R OF THE ROUNDS.
 CLIMBING HINTS OF
LADDER
 THE HANDS SHOULD BE MOVED SMOOTHLY ON
THE ROUNDS AT A LEVEL BETWEEN THE WAIST AND
SHOULDERS.
 ROUNDS SHOULD BE GRASPED BY THE HANDS
KEEPING THE PALMS DOWN AND THUMB UNDER
THE ROUNDS.
 BOTH HANDS SHOULD NEVER BE ON THE SAME
ROUND AT THE SAME TIME.

 WHEN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ,THE HAND

AND THE FEET OF THE SAME SIDE OF THE
BODY,SHOULD MOVE IN UNISON.
 CARE & MAINTENANCE OF
LADDER
 USED THE LADDER REGULARY AT DRILLS IN
ORDER TO KEEP THEM IN SHAPE.
 NOT STORED IN ONE POSITION, OTHER WISE
WARPING IS LIKELY TO OCCUR.
 IN WOODEN LADDERS, ROUGHNESS OF THE
SPLINTERS SHOULD BE TREATED AND
SMOOTHEND WITH SAND PAPER.
 ALL MOVING PARTS SHOULD BE EXAMINED &
LUBRICATED FROM THE TIME TO TIME.
 ALL NUTS BOLTS,SCREW ETC.SHOULD BE
CHECKED UP FOR LOOSE ENDS & TIGHTENED
WHERE NECESSARY.
 CARE & MAINTENANCE OF LADDER
 EXTENDING LINE SHOULD BE EXAMINED
FOR ANY SIGHTS OF THE WEAR.
 WHEN PRESERVATION BECOMES WORN, IT
SHOULD BE REPLACED IMMEDIATELY.
OTHERWISE THE WEATHER EFFECTS MAY
WEAKEN THE WOODEN STRENGTH.
 CONSTRUCTIONAL JOINTS SHOULD BE KEPT
WATER RESISTANCE BY CLOSE FITTING &
SOUND COATING OF VARNISH, TO PREVENT
MOISTURE PENETRATING THE MORTISE AND
ROTTING THE TIMBER.
 REPAIRS SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT BY THE
EXPERTS.
 TEST OF LADDER
 MAINLY TWO TYPES OF 35’
ALLOY ALUMINUM
EXTENSION LADDER TEST:-
 STANDARD TEST
 ACCEPTENCE TEST
 STANDARD TEST
 LADDERS ARE TO BE TESTED MONTHLY,
AFTER USE AT AN INCIDENT OR AND MORE
FREQUENTLY IF USED FOR DRILL PURPOSE.
TESTING IS DONE AS FOLLOWS :-

(I) TESTING OF STRINGS

(II) TESTING OF ROUNDS

(III) TESTING OF EXTENDING LINE
 TESTING OF STRING
 THE LADDER SHOULD BE PITCHED TO ITS FULL
WORKING HEIGHT WITH THE HEAD RESTING
AGAINST A BUILDING & LEANING AT A SAFE
WORKING ANGLE . A LINE IS THAN MADE FAST TO
EACH STRING AT TWO ADACENT ROUNDS, AT THE
CENTER OF THE OVERLAP OF THE TWO SECTION OF
THE LADDER AND SHOULD BE SO ARRANGED THAT
THE WEIGHT OF THREE MAN CAN BE APPLIED ,AS
NEARLY AS POSSIBLE EQUALLY TO THE TWO
STRINGS AND THAN RELEASED. THE LADDER
SHOULD THEN RETURN TO ITS NORMAL POSITION.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD THE LINE BE
MADE FAST TO ONE ROUND ONLY.
 TESTING ROUNDS
 THE LADDER IS TO BE EXTENDED FULLY
AND PITCHED AT A SAFE WORKING ANGLE.
EACH ROUND IS THEN TO BE JUMPED,
KEEPING FIRM GRIP WITH BOTH HANDS ,
AND FEET WELL APART.
FOR THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST, BOTH
SECTIONS OF THE LADDER SHOULD
PREFERABLY BE SEPARATED TO ALLOW
EACH AND EVERY ROUND TO BE
SUBJECTED TO THE TEST.
 TESTING EXTENDING LINE
 THE LADDER IS FIRST PITCHED WITHOUT EXTENDING
AGAINST A BUILDING OR WALL. THE WEIGHT OF TWO
MEN IS THEN APPLIED TO THE ROPE AT THE LOWEST
PRACTICABLE POINT, WHILST TWO OTHER MEN PLACE
THEIR FEET ON THE BOTTOM ROUND OF THE LADDER
TO PREVENT ITS MOVEMENT.
THE LADDER IS THEN DRAWN AWAY FROM THE
BUILDING, EXTENDED FULLY AND PITCHED AGAIN. THE
WEIGHT OF TWO MEN IS THEN APPLIED AT THE LOWEST
PRACTICABLE POINT TO THE PART OF THE LINE WHICH
LIES AT THE REAR OF THE LADDER. TWO OTHER MEN
AGAIN PLACE THEIR FEET ON THE BOTTOM ROUNDS AS
BEFORE, TO PREVENT THE ;ADDER’S MOVEMENT
C) APPLY LOAD OF 30 KGF GRADUALLY FOR ONE
MINUTE AND THEN REMOVE THE LOAD.
D) NOW APPLY LOAD OF 75 KGF GRADUALLY
AND DEFLECTION DUE TO THIS LOAD SHALL
NOT EXCEED 30 CMS WHEN MEASURED FORM
THE ORIGINAL POSITION.
E) NOW INCREASE THE LOAD TO 112 KGF
GRADUALLY AND MEASURE THE DEFLECTION .
F) DEFLECTION MEASURED AT (E) SHALL NOT
EXCEED 1.5 TIMES THE DEFLECTION
MEASURED WITH 75 KGF LOAD.
II) ROUND TEST :-THERE ARE FOLLOWING
THREE METHODS FOR CARRYING OUT ROUND TEST
FIRST METHOD
A) PITCH THE FULLY EXTENDED LADDER TO A WALL
AS PER NORMS.
B) A LOAD OF 320 KGF SHALL THAN BE GRADUALLY
APPLIED TO THE MIDDLE OF AT LEAST 1 ROUND IN
EACH SECTION BY MEANS OF METAL HOOK HAVING
A BEARING SURFACE OF 5 CM WIDE AND SUITABLY
LINED TO PREVENT BRUISING OF ROUND. NO SIGN
OF FAILURE SHALL BE APPARENT EITHER IN THE
ROUND OR AT ITS JUNCTION WITH STRINGS.
SECOND METHOD
THE FULLY EXTENDED LADDER SHALL
BE PLACED VERTICALLY AND A MAN
WEIGHING APPROXIMATELY 75 KGF
SHALL JUMP ON EACH ROUND FROM THE
ROUND IMMEDIATELY ABOVE. NO SIGN
OF FAILURE SHALL BE APPARENT EITHER
IN THE ROUND OR AT ITS JUNCTION WITH
STRING DURING THIS TEST.
 THIRD METHOD
THE FULLY EXTENDED LADDER SHALL
LBE PLACED HORIZONTALLY ACROSS
TRESTLES ONE MAN WEIGHING
APPROXIMATELY 75 KGF SHALL WALK
OVER THE ROUNDS. NO SIGN OF FAILURE
SHALL BE APPARENT EITHER IN THE
ROUND OR AT THE ROUND OR AT ITS
JUNCTION WITH THE STRING DURING
TEST.
III) SWAY TEST
WHEN PITCHED AGAINST A WALL WITH
FEET OF LADDER 1.25 METER, 1.75 MTR
AND 2.5 MTR FROM THE WALL IN CASE OF
4.5 MTR, 7.5 MTR AND 10.5 MTR LADDER
RESPECTIVELY AND TWO MEN ARE
ASCENDING THE LADDER OR ONE MAN
CARRYING ANOTHER WHILE DESCENDING
THE LADDER, IT SHOULD NOT SWAY.
 HOOK LADDER PARTS
WITH COMPLETE
DETAIL.
 PART’S :-

1. HEEL PLATE
2. TOE- PIECE
3. STRING
4. SHROUD
5. ROUND’S
6. TEETH
7. BILL
8. POINT
9. CROWN
10. HOOK
11. SPRING LOADED PIN
12. STEEL SAFETY RING
13. MILD STEEL TUBE
 DIMENSION :-

 BIS NO. :- 929/1959

 LENGTH :- 13Ft. 4 Inch.
 WEIDTH :- 9 Inch + 2 Inch = 11 Inch.
 ROUND DIS. :- 12 Inch.
 WEIGTH :- 11 KG.
 HOOK W. :- 4 KG.
 HOOK L. :- 2 ft. 2 Inch.
 NO OF TEETH :- 8 NOS.
 TEETH DEPTH :- 2¼ to 2 ½ Inch.
 BILL L. :- 6 Inch.
 OPERATION :-

 OPEN THE HOOK BY RIGHT

HAND.
 HOOK MUST BE KEPT OPPOSITE
TO THE BODY.
 REST THE HOOK ON PLAIN AND
HARD SURFACE.
 KEEP HOLD 3RD & 6TH ROUND BY
LEFT & RIGHT HAND.
 TOE – PIECIES MUST NOT REST
ON ANY PROJECTION.
 USE
 TO SCALE OR CLIMB IN ANY
BUILDING.
 IT CAN BE USED IN NARROW
PLACE.
 IT CAN BE USED ON A ROOF OR
BRIDGE.
 IT CAN BE USED AS AN
IMPROVISED STRECTURE.
 IT CAN BE USED TO GO INSIDE
THE BASEMENT TUNNEL. SEWER
ETC.
 TO LINK HEAD OF OTHER
LADDER TO A BUILDING WHERE
THOSE LADDER’S CANNOT BE
PITCHED DIRECT.
 HOOK LADDER BELT
 IT IS A BELT MADE OF WOOL GRIPPED
WEAVING WITH LATHER LINING.
 IT IS PROVIDED WITH STEEL SPRING HOOK.
A STRAP FOR BUCKLING AXE POUCH.
 QUCK RELEASE HOLDER FOR BOBIN LINE
LENGTH 120 FT. TO 130 FT. LONG.
 LENGTH OF BELT - 1 MEATER.
 WIDTH = 4 ½ INCH. OR 10 CM.