CATEGORICAL

SYLLOGISM
Syllogism- a deductive argument in which
a conclusion is inferred from two premises.
CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM
-is a deductive argument consisting of three categorical
propositions that contain exactly three terms, each of which
occurs in exactly two of the constituent propositions

Ex.1
All who pay taxes completely are honest.
No charlatans are honest.
Therefore, no charlatans pay taxes completely.
PATRICK HURLEY
THREE IMPORTANT TERMS
• Major Term- this is the predicate of the
conclusion.
• Minor term- this is the subject of the
conclusion.
• Middle Term- occurs in each premise but
does not occur in conclusion, provides the
middle ground between the two premises.
Ex 1
All who pay taxes completely are honest.- Major premise

No charlatans are honest.- Minor premise

Minor Term(subject)- charlatans

Major Term( predicate)- pay taxes completely
Middle Term(middle ground)- honest

Therefore, no charlatans pay taxes completely.- conclusion

.
 Rules and Principles For CORRECT
REASONING

• All three statements are standard-form

categorical propositions
• The two occurrences of each term are identical
• Each term is used in the same sense throughout
the argument.
• The major premise is listed is first, the minor
premise second, and the conclusion last.
 VALIDITY OF CATEGORICAL
SYLLOGISMS
MOOD of the categorical syllogism is determined
through the types of categorical propositions which
make up the categorical syllogism. Since the
standard form of categorical propositions has letter
names, the mood is the combination of these letters
by virtue of their positions in the syllogism’s
standard form
UNIVERSAL AFFIRMATIVE A

PROPOSITION

UNIVERSAL NEGATIVE E
PROPOSITION

PARTICULAR AFFIRMATIVE I
PROPOSITION

PARTICULAR NEGATIVE O
PROPOSITION
Ex.1
All who pay taxes completely are honest.
No charlatans are honest.
Therefore, no charlatans pay taxes completely.
A- MAJOR PREMISE
E- MINOR PREMISE
E- CONCLUSION

AEE
FIGURE of the categorical syllogism is determined by
the location of the occurrences of the middle term in the
premises. There are four possible arrangements. By
designating S as the subject term, P as the predicate
term, and m as the middle term, and leaving the
quantifies and copulas out.

FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE

1 2 3 4
M P P M M P P M
S__M S__M M__S M__S
S P S P S P S P
Ex.1
All who pay taxes completely are honest. P-M
No charlatans are honest. S -_M
Therefore, no charlatans pay taxes completely. S- P

AEE FIGURE 2

AEE-2 FORM
Ex 2.

No electric gadget is cheap. FIGUR

All_smart phones_are electronic_gadgets. E?
Therefore, no smartphone is cheap. M-P
S-M
Mode?
S-P
E-PROPOSITION
A-PROPOSITION
E-PROPOSITION
THE END