Binary Mathematics

Counting system
 There are three kinds of people in the world:
those who can count, and those who can not.
- Unknown Wisdom

 Today’s class
 Numbering system
 Conversion between 10 based and 2 based
numbering system.
 Binary Mathematics.
 Quiz
Base 10 counting system
 We happened to use
the current counting
system, because we
happened to have ten
fingers.
 If dinosaurs had ruled
the earth, they would be
happy to use a 8-based
counting system.
Numbers
 Ancient Africa
 Notches on a bone.
 Egyptians/Roman
 Each magnitude is represented by a symbol.
 Indian/Arabian (Modern numbering
system)

1,475,268
Base 10 (Decimal numbers)

 What does 157 mean?

 157 = 1 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 7 x 1
= 1 x 102 + 5 x 101 + 7 x 100
Binary Code

 Imagine a specie that only has two fingers.

how can they count?
  A computer is such kind of two-finger
specie. 0 and 1
 Each place is the exponential of 2
Base 10 vs Base 2
Base 10
157
157 = 1 x 100 + 5 x 10 + 7 x 1
= 1 x 102 + 5 x 101 + 7 x 100

Base 2
1011 = 1 x 23 + 0 x 22 + 1 x 21 + 1 x 20
1011 = 1 x 8 + 0 x 4 + 1 x 2 + 1 x 1
Binary Bits and Bytes

 1 bit is a single bit of information, a 1 or 0

 Only two possible values
 1 byte is 8 bits, an 8 bit word
 256 possible values from 0-255 base 10 or
00000000 to 11111111 base 2
 10100110 is a single byte
Base 10 to Binary
Binary mathematics
 0+0=0
 1+0=1
 1+1=10
Hexadecimal (base 16)
 Binary code is too long in representation. Hex
is much shorter.
 Converting a binary number to a Hex number
is relatively easy
 Every 4 bit can convert to a Hex
 Problem: we are short of numbers
 A-10 B-11 C-12 D-13 E-14 F-15
Lookup table
Binary Hex Binary Hex
0000 0 1000 8
0001 1 1001 9
0010 2 1010 A
0011 3 1011 B
0100 4 1100 C
0101 5 1101 D
0110 6 1110 E
0111 7 1111 F
Example
Wisdom said
 There are 10 kinds of people in the world,
those who use binary counting system, and
those who don’t.
Quiz
 No Calculators!!!!
 Convert binary code to Decimal number.
 10100101 (Bin)
 Convert Decimal number to binary code
 176 (Dec)
 Convert Hexadecimal number to binary
 BADDEF
 Add these two binary numbers
 10001101+11011100=?
Answer
 10100101 (Binary) = 165 (Decimal)
 176 (Decimal)= 10110000 (Binary)
 BADDEF=1011,1010,1101,1101,1110,1111
 The result of summation
 101101001