AMERICAN ERA:

FREEDOM OF
EXPRESSION
 Mission:
Know the importance of
Freedom of Expression.
Will be able to express a
message about Freedom
of Expression.
Historical Background
 The Filipino Revolutionists won
against the Spanish who colonized for
more than 300 years.
 June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine
flag as a symbol of our independence.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected
the first president of the Philippines
Republic but this was short lived.
 Historical Background
 The Filipino-American war resulted in the
defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903. The
peace movement started as early as
1900.
 Many Filipino started writing again and
the nationalism of the people remain
undaunted. Filipino writers went into all
forms of literature like news reporting,
poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels.
 Themes:
Their writings clearly depicted
their:
Desire for Freedom
Love of Country
Fight against colonialism and
imperialism
 Literature:
Characterized by:
Nationalism
Freedom of Speech
Experience
Search for and use of a new
medium
 American Influences
Schools
New Education System
Cleanliness and Hygiene
English Language
Politics
Freedom of Speech
 Three Group of Writers

Spanish
English
Filipino
The writers in Spanish
were accustomed to write
on nationalism like Rizal
and other heroes.
 Cecilio Apostol
A Rizal – his masterpiece
His poems were used to
teach the Spanish
language (RA 1881)
Catulo – his Pen Name
 Fernando Maria Guerrero
Crisalidas – his masterpiece
Prince of Filipino lyric poets in
Spanish
Eternal sadness of things –
his favorite theme
 Claro M. Recto
Bajos Los Cocoteros – his
masterpiece
He is the “Father of
Philippine Constitution”
The writers in Tagalog
continued in their
lamentations on the
conditions of the country and
their attempts to arouse love
for one’s native tongue.
Poets of the Heart (Makata na Puso)

Lope K. Santos
Father of the Filipino
Grammar
Banaag at Sikat – his
masterpiece
He also started Balarila ng
Wikang Pambansa
Poets of the Heart (Makata na Puso)

Amado V. Hernandez
A Pillar in Tagalog
Literature
Ang Panday & Luha ng
Buwaya – his masterpiece
First King of Balagtasan
Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)

Jose Corazon de Jesus

Ang isang Punong Kahoy – his
masterpiece
Bayan Ko
He is also called as the “The
Legendary Lyric Poet”
King of Balagtasan
 Poets of the Stage (Makata ng
Tanghalan)
Aurelio Tolentino
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas– his
masterpiece
He coined the word “dula”
He is also called as the “The Father of
the Tagalog Drama”
A theater at the CCP was named after
him – Tanghalan Aurelio Tolentino
 Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay)
Severino Reyes
Walang Sugat – his masterpiece
He created “Mga Kwento ni Lola
Basyang”
He is also called as the “The Father
of the Tagalog Plays & Father of the
Tagalog Zarzuela”
His pen name is “Lola Basyang”
 The Period of Reorientation
 1900 – English – medium of instruction in the
public schools
 Philippines Free Press – 1905
 Sursum Corda – Justo Juliano – 1907 first work
published in English
 1919 – UP College Folio
 1920 – Herald, Philippine Herald
 1924 – The Philippine Review, the
Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens,
and the Philippines Education Magazine.
 The Period of Self - Discovery

Writers had acquired

the mastery of English
writing; confident and
competent
 Essays
 Scholarly and characterized by sobriety,
substance and structure
 Serious essay, especially the editorial type
 Known writers: Carlos P. Romulo, Vicente
Hilario
 Political, social reflective essays
 Critical essays
 Personal or Familiar essays
 Informal Essays
Works are spiced with
humor, wit, and satire
Known writers are
Salvador P. Lopez and
Godefredo Rivera
 Short Stories
Imitation of foreign
models
Known writers: Ignacio
Manlapaz, Amando G.
Dayrit
 Francisco Benitez
First editor of Philippine
Journal of Education
Dean of UP College of
Education
Paz Marquez Benitez
First Filipino modern English
Language short story writer
Wrote “Dead Stars” (1925)
One of the founders of
Philippine Women’s College
(now PWU)
 Zoilo Galang
A Child of Sorrow – first
Philippine Novel written in
English (1921)
Encyclopedia of the Philippines
(1957)
Filipino encyclopedist and the
First English Language Filipino
 Carlos P. Romulo
The Voice of Freedom
I Am a Filipino
I Saw the Fall of the
Philippines
My Brother Americans
 What is the importance of making your ideas
understood by people?
 Why do people tend to misunderstand
things?
 Why is Freedom of Expression necessary?
 Why do you have to study literature as part of
culture?
 What if narratives are not recorded, what
could have happened to our society?
 Bible Verse:
Galatians 3:28
“There is neither Jew nor
Greek, there is neither slave
nor free, there is no male and
female, for you are all one in
Christ Jesus.”
 Make a poster on Freedom of
Expression
Creativity -------- 15
Message --------- 20
Grammar -------- 20
Collaboration --- 15
Total ----------- 70 points