MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR ON
“ MONOLITHIC DOME STRUCTURES ”

M.TECH STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 2021-2023

PRESENTED BY
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

VISHAL AGARWAL
212111406
INTRODUCTION
• Monolithic Dome is thin wall reinforced concrete shell structure.

• A monolithic dome (from Greek mono and lithic meaning "one stone") is a
structure cast in a one-piece form.

• The structure provides safe shelter for the people area with
hurricanes,fires,bomb blasts and earthquakes.

• Domes belong to the category of self supporting structures that take

the form of an arch. They distribute loads around the sides and down the
foundation.

• A curve rotated about a central axis to form a surface, creates a DOME.

• The shape of the dome depends upon the type of the curve and the
direction of the axis of revolution.

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MONOLITHIC DOME

Dome of a Home Survived

Hurricane Ivan on September 16, 2004
Texas , USA

3
 Literature review
Disaster Survivability of Thin-Shell Concrete Dome
Structures: Experience and Practice
Andrew South AUTHOR*, Chris ZWEIFELa * Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Stanford University
Proceedings of the IASS-SLTE 2014 Symposium

•concrete thin-shell domes produce envelope shell sections

sufficient to withstand loads produced in extreme natural
disasters.
•Implications for practitioners suggest that as disaster
resistant design criteria for various structures continues to
become increasingly important to governments,
communities and building owners, thin-shell concrete
structures (such as air-formed dome structures) are a
potentially under-utilized envelope system where practical design
approaches inherently produce structures capable of
withstanding extreme loads from natural disasters.
5
 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

 MONOLITHIC DOMES ARE CONSTRUCTED FOLLOWING A METHOD THAT

REQUIRES A TOUGH, INFLATABLE AIRFORM, STEEL-REINFORCED
CONCRETE AND A POLYURETHANE FOAM INSULATION. EACH OF THESE
INGREDIENTS IS USED IN A TECHNOLOGICALLY SPECIFIC WAY.
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE :
1. FOUNDATION
2. AIRFORM
3. POLYURETHANE FOAM
4. STEEL REBAR
5. SHOTCRETE

6
Step 1- Excavation Step 2- Foundation + Step 3- Inflating balloon
placing of balloon

Step 3- Inflating balloon Step 4- Formwork for windows Step 5- Rebaring

Step 5- Rebaring Step 6- Services-Electrical Step 6- Services-

& Plumbing Electrical & Plumbing
Step 7- Shortcreting Step 8- Curing Step 9- Marking for interiors

Step 10- Partition walls Step 11- Laying Slabs

Step 12- Stairs Step 13- Laying fixtures Step 14- Interior Finishing
 Literature review
The impact of diameter, number of ribs, percentage of steel, compressive
strength and cover thickness on the large concrete dome Dr. Hani Aziz Ameen
Asst. Prof., Pumps Engineering Department - Technical College / Al-Musaib – Iraq
Am. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 2010, 1(3): 472-495
Based on the present finite element model by ANSYS12, a parametric study was
performed to investigate the influence of several important parameters on the
behavior of concrete dome

Load deflection at crown by different diameter

Load deflection at crown by different grade of conc

 Load deflection at crown by different cover
thickness

Load deflection at crown by different % steel

DOME PROFILES

 Lower the profile the less expense.

 Windows and doors on the second floor can be

augmented.

 If the land is a premium, go up with integrated

stem wall.

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Various shapes of monolithic domes
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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Shape optimization of shell structures Ekkehard Ramm* -
Kai-Uwe Bletzinger** -Reiner Reitinger***
'The paper was originally published in the bulletin of the International
Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, Vol. 34 (1993) n° 2“
The methods of structural optimization have been presented as general
computational tools to find the shape of shells subjected to many different
combinations of objectives and constraints.
SHAPES
DOME VARIATIONS/CONFIGURATIONS

a) Low profile spherical segment :

 Most efficient shape.
 Used for large domes.

b) Hemisphere :
 Surface area is double the floor area.
 Useful for high-volume storage buildings
and smaller structures ,such as homes

c) High profile spherical segment :

 Most volume for the least floor area.
 Used for water tanks, storage buildings,
homes etc..

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e) Prolate ellipsoid (Long axis
horizontal):
 Elliptical base creates a very unique
space

f) Prolate ellipsoid (Long axis vertical) :

 It is very tall.
 Useful for bulk storage and buried
building.

g) Torus :
 Not as space -efficient as dome.
 These are homes with a centre
courtyard or garden.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Acoustic of monolithic dome structures
Mostafa Refat Ismail, Hazem Eldalyn Department of Architecture
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt
Frontiers of Architectural Research (2018) 7, 56–66

This study discussed issues related to acoustic design strategies of

residential monolithic dome structures and outlined mitigation measures
to the concentration of sound energy caused by complex internal
concave surfaces.
•By introducing absorptive materials to the internal upper cap of the
monolithic dome structure, the critical sound components reflected by
the upper exposed shell of the dome are absorbed and the focusing of
sound energy is minimized in these small residential units.
STRESSES ACTING ON DOMES

 Generally, a spherical dome may be imagining consisting of a number of

horizontal rings placed one over the other.
 The diameters of the successive rings increase in the downward direction and the
equilibrium is maintained independently of the rings above it.
 The circle of each ring is called latitude while the circle drawn through two
diametrically opposite points on a horizontal diameter and the crown is known as
a meridian circle.
 The entire meridian circles coverage at the crown of the spherical dome.

Two types of stresses acting on the domes are :

 Meridian thrust (T) along the direction of meridian
 Hoop stress along latitudes

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19
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Design and Analysis of Monolithic Dome Structure Rahul
Ingale1 Amol Dighe2 Vaibhav Badhe3 Girjinath Damale4 Prof. Pote R.K.5
(IJSRD/Vol. 6/Issue 04/2018/021)

concluded that the results obtained by manual design and

Software design STAAD PRO V8i are approximately equals
and also very nominal reinforcement required to construct
the monolithic dome structure. Hence the monolithic dome
building technique is an effective alternative to conventional
method
DOME OPENINGS

 If dome is not huge, then all kinds of openings are possible.

 Stresses are higher in domes having diameter larger than
100 feet.
 Build the openings for the uses.

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ADVANTAGES
Advantages of a monolithic dome fall into three general categories :
a) Economy in construction :
 Cost of a dome is less .
 Streamlined construction process and use of only four ingredients contribute
to the domes economy.
 Require less maintenance.
b) Security :
 Ability to survive tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes.
 Provides fire protection.
 They are very good for circulation of air and heat so they are also for very
cold climates.
c) comfort :
 Any structure appears bare and unattractive when its first  built.
 But just as enhancement can soften and beautify straight lines and corners.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Analysis and Design of Monolithic Domes for Low Cost Housing
1Kalaiselvi M, 2 Selvakumar T, 3 Padmasri .G
IJEDR 2018 | Volume 6, Issue 3 | ISSN: 2321-9939

COST ESTIMATION The detailed cost estimation of normal

conventional building and monolithic concrete dome housing of same
size are compared
DISADVANTAGES
Disadvantages of monolithic dome :
a)Engineering :
 Only specially trained construction crews. Using the modern
techniques.
 Wasted space in narrow corners.
 Lack of seams.
b)Social :
 Different appearance of the domes decreases the appeal for their
use as private residences and the strange appearance and design
may run afoul of neighbourhood building covenants..
 Building permits may be difficult to obtain if local officials are not
familiar with the monolithic dome.
 Resale of a monolithic dome home may be difficult because of its
unconventional appearance.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
A STUDY IN MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE
1NIKITA PATEL, 2NAMRATA VERMA
International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering,
ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-11, Nov.-2017

In ancient times domes are very popular because of its uniqueness in

providing maximum space area with minimum surface area requirement
but because of its high supervision requirement, tedious work process &
invention of an advantageous method of construction, its popularity gets
reduces. So we have to try to make it easier than older one, some
possible future aspects of domes evaluated; two prominent are
MONOLITHIC DOMES & GEODESIC DOMES

Dome have been used in development of silos, residential building,

school& stadium, roof of industries, nuclear reactor, pressure vessel,
auditorium because it is capable of providing safe area, minimum
material, easy to erect, heat efficient, membrane action & enable to
absorb very large loads with a small thickness.
Typical schematic plan and section of a monolithic dome
residential unit showing various radius
 In 2000,
Catalytic
Software began
the construction
of a massive,
self-sustaining
complex of
domes, that
includes
attractive, safe
areas for living,
working and
socializing.

New Oroville is
designed to
provide all that
the suburban life
In this high-tech society, every offers, such as
employee will live in a one-, two- parks, gardens,
or three-story dome home that has swimming pools,
the ability to withstand natural clean water and
disasters and is equipped with more.
lightning speed Internet access.
 New Oroville is located on New Oroville was designed for
50 acres in Hyderabad, superior protection. The domes act as
India’s high-tech hub, and information silos, physically
includes some 4000 domes. separating teams and isolating data.

To make the construction process more

The eco-friendly domes are efficient, local labor crews were divided into
durable and energy efficient. four categories: Mixer Crew, Spray Crew, Steel
Crew and Form Crew.
CONCLUSION

1. Sustainability Monolithic Domes have real strength. They can

withstand the force of a tornado, hurricane or earthquake. Their
lifespan is measured in centuries. Hence they do not need to be
replaced.

2. Energy Efficiency The Monolithic Dome is energy efficient. It will

usually save fifty percent on heating and cooling costs compared to a
comparable conventional building.

3. Green Materials Owing much to their design, Monolithic Domes

require the smallest surface area and employ the fewest materials to
enclose space. A dome, will always use less material (generally 50% to
75% less) to cover the same space utilized by a ‘square’ conventional
building. Less material means less cost, or higher quality materials for
the same cost, or both.
 REFERNCES

1. Acoustic of monolithic dome structures Mostafa Refat Ismail, Hazem Eldalyn Department of
Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt
2. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL
STRUCTURE WITH MONOLITHIC STRUCTURE Devang Gohel1 , Dr. Jayeshkumar
Pitroda2 , | ISSN: 2320-2882
3. The impact of diameter, number of ribs, percentage of steel, compressive strength and
cover thickness on the large concrete dome Dr. Hani Aziz Ameen AMERICAN JOURNAL
OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH doi:10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.3.472.495
4. Analysis and Design of Monolithic Domes for Low Cost Housing 1Kalaiselvi M, 2
Selvakumar T, 3 Padmasri .G © IJEDR 2018 | Volume 6, Issue 3 | ISSN: 2321-9939
5. Design and Analysis of a Monolithic Dome using Staadpro V8i - Review Rashmi C
Khanorkar1, Prathmesh S Narkar . IRJET | e-ISSN: 2395-0056
6. Design and Analysis of Monolithic Dome Structure Rahul Ingale1 Amol Dighe2 Vaibhav
Badhe3 Girjinath Damale4 Prof. Pote R.K.5 IJSRD | Vol. 6, Issue 04, 2018 | ISSN (online):
2321-0613
7. IS 2204 (1962): Code of practice for construction of reinforced concrete shell roof
7.Bureau of Indian Standards: IS-875 part 1

8.Analysis and design of the general and outmost-ring stiffened suspen-dome structures
Wenjiang Kang a , Zhihua Chen a , Heung-Fai Lam b, ∗, Chenran Zuo a a Department of
Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

9. Disaster Survivability of Thin-Shell Concrete Dome Structures

Andrew South AUTHOR*, Chris ZWEIFELa * Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Stanford University Proceedings of the IASS-SLTE 2014 Symposium

10. Shape optimization of shell structures Ekkehard Ramm* - Kai-Uwe Bletzinger** -

Reiner Reitinger***
'The paper was originally published in the bulletin of the International Association for
Shell and Spatial Structures, Vol. 34 (1993) n° 2“
THANKYOU