PRE-

CALCULU
S CLASS
2021-2022

JAZZIE L. BAQUIR
 PRE-CALCULUS
Precalculus is a course that is designed to prepare students
for Calculus, to college.
Now, calculus is the study of how things change over time;
therefore, the goal of precalculus is to equip students to
handle rigorous and dynamic concepts by helping them to
connect their previous learning from Algebra and Geometry.
To do this, Pre-Calculus is divided into two major
categories: Trigonometry and Math Analysis.
INTERSECTI
ON
TWO LINES INTERSECTING EACH
OTHER, WHAT IS THE
INTERSECTION?

POINT
INTERSECTION OF A LINE AND A PLANE

POINT
INTERSECTION OF TWO PLANES,
WHAT IS THE INTERSECTION ?

LINE
 WHAT ABOUT THE
INTERSECTION OF A CONE
AND PLANE ?

PLANE

CONE
 CONIC
SECTION
CONIC SECTION.
• According to Apollonius of Perga , the Great
Greek geometer, “ the curves formed by the
intersection of a plane and a double right circular
cone and discovered many properties of these
curves.”

A conic section (or simply conic) is a curve

obtained as the intersection of the surface of a
cone with a plane.
Conic sections can be
generated by intersecting a
plane with a cone. A cone has
two identically shaped parts
called nappes. One nappe is
what most people mean by
“cone,” and has the shape of
a party hat.
 Axis – the vertical that passes
through the vertex of circular
cone.

Upper nappe/lower nappe-half a

double cone

Generator –a line lying entirely in

the cone.

Vertex – all generators of a cone

pass through the intersection of
the cone/ the extreme point of the
conic section.
The three types of conic sections are the
hyperbola, the parabola, and the ellipse. The
circle is type of ellipse and is sometimes
considered to be a fourth type of conic section.
Parabola is formed when
a plane intersects only one cone
to form an unbounded curve.

If the cutting plane is parallel to

one and only one generator ,
the curve is a
 CIRCLE is formed when a
horizontal plane intersects
a cone . A circle is a special
kind of ellipse.

If the cutting plane is not parallel to

any generator but is perpendicular to
the axis, the ellipse become a
circle.
 ELLIPSE is formed when
a tilted plane intersects a
cone to form a bounded
curve.

If the cutting plane is not

parallel to any generator,
the curve is an ellipse
HYPERBOLA is formed when a
plane (not necessarily vertical)
intersects both cones to form two
unbounded curves which are called
branches of a hyperbola.

If the cutting plane is parallel

to two generators, the curve
is a hyperbola.
 Important elements of a conic section:
Focus (F) – the fixed point of the conic

Directrix (d) – the fixed lined corresponding to

the focus.

Principal axis – the line that passes though the focus

and perpendicular to the directrix. Every conic is
symmetric with respect to its principal axis.

Vertex – the point of intersection of the conic

and its principal axis.

Eccentricity (e) – the constant ratio.

Three types of conics are distinguished by the value of
the eccentricity:
i. The conic is a parabola if eccentricity e=1
ii. The conic is an ellipse if the eccentricity e<1.
iii. The conic is hyperbola if the eccentricity e>1
DEGENERATE CONIC SECTION WHEREIN THE
INTERSECTION OF A PLANE AND A CONE IS POINT,
LINE AND TWO INTERSECTING LINES.
PQ with end-points P(−2,−3) and Q(4,7).
Find the midpoint of the given coordinates

Midpoint (1,2)
Find the distance between 𝐴(−3 ,6)and 𝐵(4 ,−4).
 Find the distance between 𝐴(−3 ,6)and 𝐵(4 ,−4).
Solution:

D=
Given point 𝐶(3,1), using the distance
formula:
• find the distance of point 𝐴(−2,1) to point 𝐶.
• find the distance of point 𝐵(6,5) to point 𝐶.
 THANK YOU
PRE-
CALCULUS
CLASS
2021-2022

JAZZIE L. BAQUIR