LECTURE #7 Elements, Medium, Design and Technology

Lecture 7
Art and Science:

Elements, Medium, Design
and Technology
Prepared by
Dr. Allan C. Orate
DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
OBJECTIVES
a. Relate the study of art to the field of sciences such
as biology, archaeology, physics, chemistry and
computer science.
b. Identify artworks, styles and artists that used
principles of science.
c. Explain the biological theory of art and beauty.
d. Analyze the chemical compositions of some media
used in the visual arts.
e. Apply principles of physics to art design and
composition.
f. Formulate a scientific and technological approach
to Art Appreciation.
g. Examine the emergent art forms in the age of
computer and information technology. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE
READINGS
7.1. Benjamin, Walter (1935). “The Work of Art in the Age
of Mechanical Reproduction,” in http://web.mit.edu/
allanmc/ www/benjamin.pdf
7.2. Shanken, Edward (2009). “Art in the Information Age:

Technology and Conceptual Art,” in https://artexetra.
files.wordpress.com/2009/02/shanken artinfoage.pdf.
7.3. “Self-portraits and social media: The rise of the

‘selfie’,” in http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-225 11650.

VIDEOS
7.1. “The Darwinian Theory of Beauty by Dennis
Dutton” in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PktUzdnBqW.
7.2. “Michelangelo and the Science of Fresco Painting:

Chemistry Meets Art,” in https://www.youtube. com/
watch?v=lUddM_Y_snQ.
7.3 “Lithography Printing Process” in https://www.you

tube.com/watch?v= NeIuYLaw9ks
7.4. “Software for Creating Digital Art” https://www.you

tube.com/watch?v= lqSJf58_k7g.

LECTURES
7.1. The Darwinian Theory of Beauty and Art
7.2. Media and Elements of Visual Art
7.3. Design and Principles of Composition
7.4. Application of Technology to Art Production
7.5. The Art of Selfie and Groupie

LECTURE 7.1
The Darwinian Theory
of Beauty and Art

THE DARWINIAN
THEORY OF BEAUTY
AND ART
DENNIS DUTTON
(1944-2010)
“Art is a need built into Video 7.1

human biological system
through a complex,
subtle evolutionary
adaptation.”

THE OLDEST
WORKS OF ART
ACHEULEAN HAND AXES

found in Olduvai Gorge
East Africa, dating back
to 2 million years ago
Functioned as “fitness
signal” that the makers
used to attract mates,
hence giving the makers The peacocks shown
more chance of survival. its tail to attract
peahens.

FROM ARCHEOLOGY THROUGH BIOLOGY TO ART
After million and thousands of years of

human evolution, the ACHEULEAN HAND AXES
have gradually developed into much more
complex and finer WORKS OF ART.
In short, artist makes art to get laid.

PICASSO’S AFFAIRS WITH WOMEN
• Had an insatiable sexual appetite, he started went to
brothel at age 13, and was a playboy all his life.
• Over the course of his life, Picasso had two wives, six
significant mistresses and hundreds of lovers.
• He left his first wife Olga Khokhlova for his pregnant
mistress Marie Therese Walter. He refused to divorce
his wife to prevent her from receiving half of his
wealth. Olga died by drinking herself to death.
• At 62, Picasso had an affair with a 23-year old art student Francois Gilot, who
deserted him after ten years because of Picasso’s cheating and abusiveness. Francois
is said to be the only woman who left Picasso.
• At 79, he married Jacqueline Roque, 35, who committed suicide 15 years after Picasso
died.
Olga Marie-Therese Francois Jacqueline

Picasso
Woman
Reading
1923
Model was
Picasso’s
first wife,
Olga

Picasso, Green
Leaves and Bust,
1932
The model was

Picasso’s mistress
Marie Therese.
The most expensive

painting in the world
sold for 106.5 million
dollars in 2010

Picasso
Portrait
Francois
Gilot
1946
The model
was Picasso’s
mistress

Picasso
Jacqueline
with Flowers
1954
The model
was Picasso’s
second wife.

LECTURE 7.2
Media and Elements
of Visual Arts

MEDIA OF ART Substance or materials out of
which the work of art is made
PAINTING Surface (Canvas), Pigment (Oil Paint)
SCULPTURE Stone, Wood, Metal, Glass

ARCHITECTURE
MUSIC Human Voice, Musical Instruments
DANCE Motion of the Human Body
LITERATURE Written or Oral Language
Theater: Action and Spoken Language

DRAMA Motion Picture/Cinema/Movie: Film
MEDIA OF
PIGMENT MEDIA
PAINTING Paints (Oil, Acrylic)
Tempera
Fresco
SURFACE MEDIA Encaustic
Canvas Ink
Wood Panel Pastel
Wall (Mural) Water Color
Paper Charcoal
Mixed Media

OIL ON
WOOD
PANEL

Van Eyck
Arnolfini Marriage
1434
OIL ON CANVASS
First painting that
used this medium

Amorsolo
Woman with
a Jar, 1954
OIL PAINT CREATES

LUMINOUS EFFECT
ON THE CANVASS

ENAMEL OR HOUSE PAINT ON CANVAS
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1947

FRESCO
Colored cement
on concrete wall
(palitada)
Video 7.2.
Michelangelo,
Painting in the Ceiling
of Sistine Chapel
1508-1512
UE.
Before
DR.the
ALLAN
Restoration
C. ORATEin the 1980’s: Colors looked pale and gave a sense of antiquity
UE.
After
DR.the
ALLAN
Restoration
C. ORATEin the 1980’s: Colors looked bright and gave a sense newness
FRESCO
Giotto
Adoration
of the Magi
1306

ENCAUSTIC
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Egyptian Paintings
Final
Project of a
Humanities
Student
WATER
COLOR ON
PAPER

INK ON PAPER
Leonardo, Scientific Drawing, Design of War Chariot

SANITARY
NAPKIN
ART

COFFEE PAINTING
Landscape, Alexander Dart
Joseph the Artist, Talentadong Pinoy
SAND PAINTING
LATTE COFFEE ART

Robert, Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake Utah, 1970
Composed of mud, sand, crystals and basalt rock.
ENVIRONMENTAL ART OR EARTHWORK
Christo
Iron Curtain
1961
INSTALLATION ART
This consists of a barricade of oil
barrels in a narrow Paris street
which caused a large traffic jam.
The artwork was not the barricade
itself but the resulting traffic jam.
CONCEPTUAL ART
The title is in reference with the
attempt of Soviet Union and its
allies to block itself from contact
with non-communist countries.

Manzoni, Artist’s Shit, 1961
The artwork is made up of 90 tin cans, each filled with 30 grams of human feces.
As CONCEPTUAL ART, this is interpreted in relation to Karl Marx idea of commodity
fetishism in highly consumerist society. One tin can sold for 124,000 pounds in 2007.

Yoko Ono
Painting to
Hammer a Nail
1961
CONCEPTUAL ART
This consists of set of
instructions on how to
make art.

Painting to
Hammer a Nail
Anyone can do
this following the
instruction by
Yoko Ono.

Yoko Ono
Yes! 1966
John Lennon
met Yoko Ono.

ELEMENTS OF ART
PAINTING VISUAL: Points, Lines, Shape, Size, Value,

SCULPTURE Color, Texture
FORMAL: Lines, Shape, Size, Color, Space

ARCHITECTURE FUNCTIONAL: Roof, Wall, Floor
AUDITORY: Rhythm, Pitch, Melody,

MUSIC Harmony, Dynamics, Tempo, Timbre
KINESTHETIC: Body, Action, Space, Time,
DANCE Energy
LITERATURE LITERARY: Character, Theme. Plot, Point

of View, Setting, Conflict, Tone
DRAMA PERFORMATIVE: Actor, Acts, Script,

Dialogue, Scene, Props, Theater,
VISUAL ELEMENTS OF PAINTING
Point
Line
Shape
Value
Color
Sometimes TEXTURE and SPACE are included,

but primarily they are elements of sculpture
and architecture.
POINT
is the most basic visual element.
It has no dimension.
POINTILISM (DIVISIONISM)
by GEORGE SEURAT is a
style of painting that uses
point as the fundamental
structural element.
This is the pointillist masterpiece by Seurat, Sunday
Afternoon in the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1888

If you look
closely at the
composition,
you will see
points.

You see
many tiny
points.

PRINCIPLE OF
VISUAL MIXING
EYE
PIXEL
(Picture + Element)
Computer Graphics

Made up of four million dots in 77 square
feet. It took Seurat four years to compose.
The second visual element
of painting is LINE.
Line is one dimensional.

Structurally, it is a path
of moving point, or
points in a series.
Based on this definition, it is appropriate to say,

according to Cezanne, that “drawing is
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE taking a line for a walk.”
THERE ARE THREE WAYS
OF PRODUCING LINES.
First, by actually
drawing a line.
This is how lines are
produced in graphic arts
such as in drawing,
calligraphy and drafting.

The second way of producing line is
by the INTERSECTION OF COLORS,
as in painting

And third, lines
are produced by the
INTERSECTION OF
CONTOURS, as in
sculpture and
architecture

Lines found in nature,
such as in a spider web.
ZEN PAINTING
Buddhist Monk
Predominance
of lines in Japanese
calligraphy and
drawing.

Picasso
The Camel
DRAWING
Graphic Art
Drawings made up
of lines produced
by simple strokes
of the pen.

Picasso, The Horse

Picasso, The Dove of Peace

Picasso, Drawing Study

LINES IN CHILDREN’S DRAWING
Drawings, Amanda Regina Orate

Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, 1492 LINEAR PAINTING

It is said that Boticelli painted the hair of Venus one by one,
using
UE. DR. ALLAN a very thin brush made up of a single strand.
C. ORATE
KINDS OF LINES AND
THEIR SUGGESTIVE
EXPRESSIONS AND
MEANINGS

VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL LINE
LINE
Suggest peace, rest, death Activity, life

Vertical lines create an Horizontal lines produce
illusion of narrowness an illusion of wideness
and tallness and shortness.
Yuan Jiang,
Island of the
Immortals
(Penglai Shan)
1708
Oriental landscape
paintings usually have
vertical orientation
showing the height of
the world.
Korean
Landscape
Painting

Constable, Wivenhoe Park, Essex, 1816
Western landscape paintings usually have horizontal orientation

showing the wideness of the world.
Bierstadt, Sierra Nevada Mountain, California, 1868

SLIDING LINE ABOVE THE HORIZON
Suggest rising up, pride, arrogance, attack
SLIDING LINE BELOW THE HORIZON

Falling down, shyness, humility, surrender
Francisco,
Bonifacio,
1964
The lines sliding above the horizon

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE means “Attack!”
David
Napoleon
Crossing
the Alps
“Attack!”

Juan Luna, Spoliarium, 1884, 7.75 x 4.25 m.
The diagonal thrust of the painting implies movement.

Titian
Bacchus
and
Ariadne
The
intersecting
diagonals
produce
radial
balance
which
implies
movement
Thick Line Thin Line
Strength Weakness
Stability Flexibility

THICK THIN
COLUMN COLUMN
Looks Looks
strong weak
and and
stable flexible

The THICK and THIN Mona Lisa

STRAIGHT LINE Order
Reason
CURVE LINE Motion

Emotion
BROKEN LINE Chaos

Passion

The straight
lines create a
sense of
order.
Mondrian
Composition
with Red,
Yellow and
Blue
Riley, Waves OP ART
The curve lines

suggest motion.

The curve lines
suggest emotion.
Picasso, Guernica, 1937
The broken lines express the chaos and horror of war.

CURVE LINES heighten the movement of the waves
Hokusai
The Great
Wave Off
Kanagawa
1831

Munch
The Scream
CURVE LINES
express the
emotion of
terror

BROKEN LINES
Express the
feeling of
sensuality
De Kooning
Woman in
a Bicycle

Pollock, Black and White, 1952
In this action painting, the curve lines are traces of

the movement by the painter.
ENVIRONMENTAL ART OR EARTHWORK
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1970, Great Salt Lake, Utah, 450 m.

SHAPE
Boundary or the edges
of an object

WAYS OF
MAKING SHAPE
By the boundary of a line that
closes into itself (polygon),
in drawing

By the boundary of color,
in painting.

By the boundary of contour,
in sculpture and architecture

KINDS
RECTILINEAR
Shapes of
objects
CURVILINEAR
(Biomorphic)
Shapes of
living things
IRREGULAR
Any possible
shape

A wonderful
shape found
in nature

A fascinating shape of an ordinary object

Malevich
Suprematist
Composition
1914
RECTILINEAR
SHAPES look like
floating on empty
space.

People
immersed in
rectilinear
shapes suggest
the concept of
dehumanization
in cubist
paintings
Picasso
The Three
Musicians

Picasso, Girl in
a Mirror, 1932
The curvilinear shapes

show the form of the
female body meant for
reproduction, such as
the breasts and
the womb.
The diamond shapes at

the background indicate
the female genital.

Fernand Leger, Women in an Interior, 1921
The curvilinear shapes of the head and body suggest life.

Albers
Homage to
a Square
1955
COLOR FIELD
PAINTING

Kandinsky
Several
Circles
1926

Dali, Face of a Great Masturbator.
ThereC.are
UE. DR. ALLAN shapes like of melting people and objects in surrealism.
ORATE
VALUE
Refers to the application
of light and dark in the painting
Ways of
producing value
SHADING
SHADOWING
SHADE
LIG Dark area on the
HT surface of the
object

SHADOW
Dark area on
a receiving
surface

The sunlight passing
through a window
and entering the
interior of a house, is
typical in Vermeer’s
paintings.
Vermeer
The Cook

Vermeer
The Music
Lesson

Vermeer
The Scientist

Amorsolo, Fruit Pickers
under the Mango Tree
Amorsolo captures the tropical sunlight. His paintings are always

bathed with lights, and with shades and shadows.
Amorsolo
The Market
Scene

NORTH
Amorsolo
Ina at Anak
WEST EAST

SOUTH
CHIAROSCURO
Application of
light and dark
SFUMATO
smoky effect
which creates
a sense of
mystery.

Leonardo
Lady with an
Ermine, 1489
The application
of chiaroscuro
enhances the
shape of the
figure.

Rembrandt
Nightwatch
1640
There is
usually the
application
of deep
chiaroscuro
in BAROQUE
paintings.
Luna,
UE. DR. BloodC.Compact
ALLAN ORATE Dark and light enhances the solidity of figures.
TEXTURE
Sense of touch

Van Gogh
Sunflower
IMPASTO
Thick paint
applied on the
canvass

COLOR
May be
considered
as the most
beautiful
visual
element

COLOR
Produced by
light striking
a surface.
Physical
Properties
HUE
VALUE
SATURATION

COLOR
WHEEL
HUE
distinguishes
one color
from
another:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

VALUE
The lightness and darkness of color
Adding white to a Adding black to a

color is TINT color is SHADE

Atmospheric
Colors
Aerial
Colors
Ground
Colors
Underground
Colors
COLOR SATURATION
LIGHT
UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE DARK MEDIUM
Dark color tends to advance. Light color tends to recede.

The most noticeable colors used in street signs.

PAINTINGS
WITH COLORS

In Kandinsky’s color
compositions, he expressed
the spiritual quality of art.
He also equated the colors
of painting with the sound
of music.

Mondrian
Composition
with Red,
Yellow and
Blue
Mondrian made a
lot of variations for
this painting.

Miro, Blue 1

Malevich
White on
White

MINIMALIST ART
Klein, Monochrome Blue, 1959 Klein, Monochrome Rose, 1959

Mark Rothko
Untitled
1968
COLOR-FIELD
PAINTING
Painting style that
uses huge masses
of colors on the
surface.

FAUVISM
Style of painting by
Matisse that uses
artificial colors for
stimulating effect.
Matisse
The Blue
Window
Van Der Wayden
The Deposition, 1438
LAPIS
LAZULI
ULTRAMARINE
BLUE Most expensive color
Colors are used
naturalistically
in realistic
landscape
paintings.
Constable
The Hay Wain

The use of
blur colors in
impressionism
indicates
movement
and passage
of time.
Monet
Impression
Sunrise

The dominant use
of earth colors in
Renaissance paintings
relates with the view
of humanism which
emphasizes the
material world over
the spiritual.
The curving, swerving
lines of orange, red
and yellow suggests
the emotion of terror
in expressionist
painting
Symbolic use of colors in

expressionist paintings for
emotional effect.

Picasso
The Old
Guitarist
The dominance of
blue heightens the
feeling of sadness
and suffering
expressed by the
painting.

UE
RED
WARRIORS
Kaleidoscope World

LECTURE 7.3
Principles of Design
and Composition

LESSON 24
Principles of Design
Lecture in ZHU 111
Dr. Allan C. Orate

?
What this
lecture is
?
about
? ??? ?
We are all familiar
with this painting
by Leonardo,
The Last Supper.
This famous Renaissance art
will introduce you to the
principles of . . .
FORM AND
DESIGN
for example

This is called BALANCE
The next
one is called FOCUSING
In this lecture,
you will likewise learn
the following:
Harmony
Variety
Symmetry
Organization
Dominance
Centralizing
Highlighting
ARTISTIC FORM,
ORGANIZATION
OR DESIGN
…is about
answering
the “How are
question… the elements
put together?”
To achieve formal design,
the following principles
are applied:
HARMONY
VARIETY
BALANCE
DOMINANCE
Harmony and variety are achieved by moderation.
Having just enough. Not much nor less.
LACK MODERATE EXCESS

Redundancy HARMONY Monotony
Monotony VARIETY Redundancy
Monotony and redundancy are the result of either

lack or excess. Having too much or too less.
This design is MONOTONOUS
Because all the nine squares have the same color.

There
UE. DR. isORATE
ALLAN C. too much similarity and no difference.
This design is REDUNDANT
Because all the nine squares have different colors.

There are too much differences and no similarity
This design has HARMONY and VARIETY
Because the nine squares have three different colors

which are not more nor less.
…is another
BALANCE principle of
design.
It is the EQUALITY in
attention or attraction
of visual elements in
the picture-plane
Kind of balance according
to the division of picture-plane
VERTICAL Suggests
Life
Suggests
HORIZONTAL Peace
and Rest
Suggests
RADIAL Movement
Kinds of balance according
to the placement of elements
in the picture-plane
SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRICAL
Same elements Different elements

on both sides on both sides
Van Eyck
Arnolfini
Marriage
VERTICAL
BALANCE
Indicated
by the
downward
line of the
chandelier
Dali, Apparition of Face and Fruit Disk on a Beach
HORIZONTAL BALANCE
RADIAL
BALANCE
Implies
movement
in the
painting
Titian
Bacchus
and
Ariane
TRIANGULAR
COMPOSITION
Suggests
stability and
eternity like
the Egyptian
pyramids

Amorsolo
Girl with
Basket of
Fruits

Amorsolo
Girl with
a Jar

El Greco
St. Martin
and the
Beggar
REST AND
MOVEMENT

David,
Oath of
Horatii
ThreeC.vertical
UE. DR. ALLAN ORATE divisions indicated by the columns.
Renoir Luncheon of the Boating Party
UE. DR.Genre
ALLAN C.and radial
ORATE balance both indicate movement.
The vertical division means the social division of people
in the ancient Egyptian society.

Triangular
composition
is typical in
Florentine
paintings of
the High
Renaissance
period
Raphael
Madonna
of the
Meadows
The horizontal division in landscape paintings
suggest peace and rest.
Constable
The Hay Wain

Castelfranco
Samson and
Delilah
SEMI-RADIAL
BALANCE
The vertical
El Greco balance means
The Burial the division
of Count between
Orgaz heaven and
earth, between
the spiritual
and the
material.

Picasso
Girl in a
Mirror
VERTICAL
BALANCE

Luna, Spoliarum, 1884 RADIAL BALANCE

Amorsolo
The Sunset

Leonardo
Madonna of
the Rocks
1496

Seurat, Sunday Afternon in the Island of Grande Jatte, 1888

Raphael, The School of Athens

Steenwyck
The Vanities of
Human Life

Botticelli, The Birth of Venus

Cezanne
Mount St.
Victoire

Matisse
The Dance
The circular organization implies the rhythmic

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE movement of the dance.
Another
principle
of design
is. . .
DOMINANCE
It is a way of emphasizing
a particular element
over the others.
THREE WAYS OF
PRODUCING DOMINANCE
CENTRALIZING
HIGHLIGHTING
FOCUSING

CENTRALIZING
Placing at the center of the picture plane
the part to be emphasized

HIGHLIGHTING
Use of standing size or color
on the part to be emphasized
Highlighting by size
Highlighting by color

FOCUSING
Using elements to create movement directed
towards the part to be emphasized

CENTRALIZING
FOCUSING
Seurat, Sunday Afternoon in
the Island of Grand Jatte
What way of producing dominance?

Seurat, Sunday Afternoon in
the Island of Grand Jatte
HIGHLIGHTING BY SIZE
What way of producing dominance?
De Goya
The Third of
May, 1808

HIGHLIGHTING BY COLOR
De Goya
The Third of
May, 1808

In Titian’s Bacchus and Ariande,
what
UE. DR. ALLAN way of producing dominance is applied?
C. ORATE
The application of FOCUSING indicates the
act of movement in the painting
The application
of focusing leads
the eye towards
the lips of the
woman.

HIGHLIGHTING
BY SIZE
In this Egyptian
painting, the bigger
scale of the pharaoh
means his superior
dignity than ordinary
people.

Highlighting by Color
Highlighting by Size

Van Gogh, Wheatfield with Cypress, 1888
Highlighting by size and color

Botticelli, The Birth of Venus
CENTRALIZING
Landscape paintings usually have no dominance,
so that the eyes may feel relax.

NO DOMINANCE

Pollock, Black and White, 1952 NO DOMINANCE

The Afghan Girl
Cover of National
Geographic Magazine
June 1985

What is
the
dominant
part?

LECTURE 7.4
The Application of
Technology to Art Production

ART TECHNOLOGY
Benjamin (1935) Influence to art of the invention
“The Work of Art in the Age of of camera in photography and
Mechanical Reproduction” motion pictures.
Shanken (2009) Influence to art of the invention

“Art in the Information Age: of computers and information
Technology and Conceptual Art” technology.
Alexandros The surviving
of Antioch, REPRODUCTION Venus de Milo
Venus de BY SECONDARY is only a Roman
Milo, 130- copy of the
ARTISTS
100 BC original.
ORIGINAL COPY OF THE

ART ORIGINAL
This is originally not
The Mona Lisa, but only a
mechanical reproduction
by the projector! We are
appreciating not the work
of the artist, but a work
of technology!
Mechanical methods
of Art Reproduction:
FOUNDING
STAMPING
ENGRAVING
ETCHING
LITOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
PONOGRAPH
SOFTWARE

BRONZE TERRACOTTA COINS
Ancient Greek sculptures (600-100 BC) were

mass produced by FOUNDING and STAMPING.
Durer, The Four
Horsemen from the
Apocalypse Series
1498
ENGRAVING
AND WOODCUT
A form of engraving, woodcut
is a technique in printmaking
where the artist carves an
image into the surface of a
block of wood, leaving the
printing parts level with the
surface while removing the
non-printing parts.

Rembrandt, Abraham
Entertaining the
Angels, 1656
ETCHING
The process of using
strong acid to cut into
the unprotected parts
of a metal surface to
create a design

LITHOGRAPHY
Printing technique
where the image
is drawn with oil,
fat, or wax onto
the surface of a
limestone plate.
Video 7.3
Gastineau, Ruins with Farm Building, 1826

PHOTOGRAPHIC
REPRODUCTION
OF ART
DAGUERREOTYPE CAMERA
Invented by Maison Susse
Frères in 1839

MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF LIVED
THEATER
Mitchell Standard
Model 35 mm
Motion Picture
Camera, 1920’s
MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF MUSIC
Cylinder phonograph invented

by Thomas Edison in 1889

MECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION
OF ART
“Reproduction detaches
the reproduced object
from the domain of
tradition. By making
many reproductions it
substitutes a plurality
of copies for a unique
existence.” Art has lost
its authenticity by being
mass reproduced.
(Benjamin, 1935)

EASY, INSTANT AND MASS
REPRODUCTION OF ART BY
MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Video 7.4
Advances in electronics, computing and telecommunications, and especially
the advent of the Internet, have provided tools that enable artists to
interrogate the conventional materiality and semiotic complexity of art
objects.
Information processing technology influences our notions about creativity,

perception and the limits of art. . . . It is probably not the province of
computers and other telecommunication devices to produce works of art as
we know it; but they will, in fact, be instrumental in redefining the entire
area of esthetic awareness.
(Shanken, 2009)

LECTURE 7.5
The Art of Selfie
and Groupie

Rockwell, Triple
Self-Portrait
1960
SELF-PORTRAIT
Painting of the
artist made by
himself or
herself

Durer
Self-Portrait
1498

Botticelli
Adoration of
the Magi
1475

Sandro Botticelli
(1445-1510)

EL GRECO
Domenikos
Theotokopoulus
(1574-1614)

El Greco
The Burial
of Count
Orgaz
1612

Raphael, The School of Athens, 1511
Raphael,
Self-Portrait
1509

VINCENT VAN GOGH
1853-1890

Van Gogh
Self Portraits
STYLE
Expressionism

Juan Luna
Self Portrait
1870

Picasso
Self Portrait
1907
STYLE
Cubism

Magritte
Self-Portrait
1923
STYLE
Cubism

Magritte
The Pilgrim
1966
STYLE
Surrealism

Frida Kalo
Self Portrait with Thorn
Necklace and
Hummingbird
1937
STYLE
Surrealism

Warhol
Self Portrait
1967
STYLE
Pop Art

Lichtenstein
Self Portrait
1978
STYLE
Pop Art

John Lennon
Nine Self- Portrait
1968
STYLE
Pop Art

SELFIE

CAMERA OBSCURA
First used in 1031 AD

BOX
CAMERA
1878

COMPACT
CAMERA
1939

REFLEX
CAMERA
1959

POLAROID
CAMERA
1961

ANALOG
ELECTRONIC
CAMERA
1986

DIGITAL
CAMERA
1995

CELLPHONE
DIGITAL
CAMERA
2004

CELLPHONE WITH
DIGITAL CAMERA WITH
SELF-FRONTING LENS
2009

SELFIE
A self-portrait photograph,
typically taken with a digital
camera or camera phone with
self-fronting lens held in the
hand or supported by a selfie
stick (especially for posting it on
a social media website).
The word “selfie” first appeared

in an Australian Internet Forum
in September 2, 2002.
Proclaimed as the Word of the

Year in 2013 by the editors of
Oxford English Dictionary

GROUPIE
A groupie is when a
person takes a photo
of oneself with other
people using a camera
or a phone (especially
for posting it on a
social media website).

SELF-PORTRAITS AND SOCIAL MEDIA:
THE RISE OF THE 'SELFIE'
In http://www.bbc.com/news/
magazine-22511650
SELFIES BEYOND SELF-REPRESENTATION:

THE (THEORETICAL) F(R)ICTIONS OF A PRACTICE
By Edgar Gómez Cruz and Helen Thornham
In Journal of Aesthetics & Culture,
Vol. 7, 2015

Rockwell, Triple
Self-Portrait
1960
Selfie as looking
at oneself in front
of the mirror

The perception
of oneself is
conditioned by
the subconscious
wish or desire to
be beautiful

“SELFIE”
A photograph of a
woman in front of
the mirror taking a
picture of herself
using a box camera
in 1900

“SELFIE”
Photograph of
ROBERT CONELIUS
taking a picture of
himself using a
daguerreotype
camera in 1839

SELFIE
BROAD DEFINITION
A self-portrait photograph,
typically taken with a digital
camera or camera phone with
self-fronting lens held in the
hand or supported by a
selfie stick
STRICT DEFINITION
. . . and post it on a social
media website.

GROUPIE
A groupie is when a
person takes a photo
of oneself with other
people using a camera
or a phone (for posting
it on a social media
website).

SELFIE IS BECOMING POPULAR
“A search on photo sharing app Instagram

retrieves over 23 million photos uploaded with
the hashtag #selfie, and a whopping 51 million
with the hashtag #me.”
“Teenagers in America are sharing more

information than ever about themselves on
social media. Of those studied, 91% post photos
of themselves online - up from 79% in 2006.”

WHY are SELFIES IS BECOMING
POPULAR IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA?
CREATION OF SELF-IDENTITY
“Selfie tells other people how we
want to be seen.”
"A selfie is an expression of an active

online identity, something you have
some control over. You might take lots,
but you'll publish the ones you like -
even if they are silly or unflattering."

TYPES OF PEOPLE WHO TEND TO HAVE A LOT OF
SELFIES POSTED IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA
Those with For SELF-AFFIRMATION

very LOW Seek to gain more
self-esteem recognition in public
Those with NARCISSISM AND VANITY

very HIGH Want to brag about their
self-esteem self-perceived beauty

WHY HAVE A LOT OF SELFIES?
LACK OF A PERMANENT
AND FIXED SELF-DENTITY
To create images of oneself for other

people to see, but these images are
perceived to be fleeting and constantly
changing, so that they need to be
modified and revised at all times.
JUSTIN BIEBER: KING OF SELFIE

KIM KARDASHIAN: QUEEN OF SELFIE
27 Million Instagram Followers
Posted 35 selfies to celebrate
her 35th birthday
Releases the book Selfies
SELFIES FOR VANITY AND NARCISSISM

No or very little followers in social media
Not well recognized by relatives and
closed friends
Seek recognition from the unknown
others in the social media
SELFIES FOR SELF-AFFIRMATION

SOME
IMAGES AND
QUOTES ABOUT
SELFIES
ACTIVITY AND
ASSESMENT

ACTIVITY AND ASSESMENT
a. Group activity: Each member of the group takes a selfie

picture.
b. The whole group takes a groupie picture.
c. Make a digital copy of the selfies and the groupie to a
laptop, and arrange them using either Adobe Photoshop
Paint, Power Point or any other applications of your
choice.
d. Then post the picture in Facebook.

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY 7
Needs
CRITERIA Excellent Good Fair Improvement
(10-12 points) (7-9 points) (4-6 points) (1-3)
All members
Group All members actively participated in the Some members did The group does
participation and participated in the not participate in
collaboration activity, and the activity, but the the activity, and the not show any
during the group collaborated group does not collaboration and
group collaboration participation
show a unified at all
activity. harmoniously. is not harmonious
collaboration.
Following the The artwork abides All principles of The artwork abides All principles of
with some
principles of with all principles of design are followed, principles of design, design and all
design and the design, and with all but some and with some instructions are
instructions instructions. instructions are not. not followed.
instructions.
The picture is
Number of likes The picture is posted, and has The picture is The picture is
when the picture posted, and has posted, and has less
more than 10-19 not posted in
is posted in 20 or more likes likes after than 10 likes after Facebook.
Facebook after three days. three days.
three days.

LECTURE #7 Elements, Medium, Design and Technology

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LECTURE #7 Elements, Medium, Design and Technology

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Lecture 7

Art and Science:

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

7.2. Shanken, Edward (2009). “Art in the Information Age:

7.3. “Self-portraits and social media: The rise of the

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

7.2. “Michelangelo and the Science of Fresco Painting:

7.3 “Lithography Printing Process” in https://www.you

7.4. “Software for Creating Digital Art” https://www.you

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

7.2. Media and Elements of Visual Art

7.3. Design and Principles of Composition

7.4. Application of Technology to Art Production

7.5. The Art of Selfie and Groupie

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

“Art is a need built into Video 7.1

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

ACHEULEAN HAND AXES

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

After million and thousands of years of

In short, artist makes art to get laid.

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

Olga Marie-Therese Francois Jacqueline

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

The model was

The most expensive

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

DR. ALLAN C. ORATE, UE

PAINTING Surface (Canvas), Pigment (Oil Paint)

SCULPTURE Stone, Wood, Metal, Glass

MUSIC Human Voice, Musical Instruments

DANCE Motion of the Human Body

LITERATURE Written or Oral Language

Theater: Action and Spoken Language

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

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UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

OIL PAINT CREATES

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE Pollock, Lavender Mist, 1947

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

Leonardo, Scientific Drawing, Design of War Chariot

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

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UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

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UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

PAINTING VISUAL: Points, Lines, Shape, Size, Value,

FORMAL: Lines, Shape, Size, Color, Space

AUDITORY: Rhythm, Pitch, Melody,

LITERATURE LITERARY: Character, Theme. Plot, Point

DRAMA PERFORMATIVE: Actor, Acts, Script,

Sometimes TEXTURE and SPACE are included,

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE

UE. DR. ALLAN C. ORATE