NATURE OF INQUIRY

AND RESEARCH
WEEK 1: MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES
DESCRIBES CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES ,
AND KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 DAY 1
Face-to-face Modality
• What is RESEARCH?
• Research is an organized investigation and study of materials and
sources to create facts and reach new inferences. Research has come up
with developing appropriate solutions to improve the individual’s quality
of life. Although, it may take place in different setting and may use
different methods, scientific research is universally a systematic
objectives search for reliable knowledge.
• RESEARCH can be categorized into two:
• Basic Research
• Basic research, or fundamental research, is a type of investigation focused on
improving the understanding of a particular phenomenon, study or law of
nature. This type of research examines data to find the unknown and fulfill a
sense of curiosity. Usually, these involve "how," "what" and "why" questions to
explain occurrences.
• Applied Research
• Applied research is a type of examination looking to find practical solutions for
existing problems. These can include challenges in the workplace, education
and society. This research type uses empirical methodologies, such as
experiments, to collect further data in an area of study.
Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics in
Research
Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics in
Research
Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics in
Research
Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics in
Research
Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics in
Research
 DAY 2
Face-to-face Modality
What is Quantitative Research?
• Quantitative research is a systematic investigation of observable phenomena where
the researcher gathers quantitative or numerical data and subjects them to statistical
methods. This method of research is highly deductive as it uses data to test
hypotheses and theories. Quantitative research uses statistical methods such as the
Pearson's r, which measures the relationship between two variables; t-test, which
examines the presence of a statistical differences between two means; analysis of
variance (ANOVA), which looks into the statistical difference among the means of
two or more groups; and multiple regression, which tests the relationship between
several independent variables and one dependent variable.
What is Quantitative Research?
• The main goals of quantitative research are to test hypotheses, explore causal
relationships, make predictions, and generalize the findings within a population.
Compared to qualitative research, quantitative research typically uses larger samples
(or sets of participants in the study) and primarily utilizes probability sampling. This
type of sampling is highly randomized. Because of this, quantitative research is
often said to exhibit a lower level of subjectivity and a higher rate of
generalizability. Generalizability refers to the extent to which the findings not only
represent the samples but also the population at large.
Qualitative vs Quantitative
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• It can be replicated or repeated in other contexts.
• It provides findings that are generalizable to a large population.
• It can establish causality more conclusively.
• It can make predictions based on numerical, quantifiable data. Data analysis using
statistical software is faster.
• Data-gathering techniques are typically less demanding compared with those in
qualitative research.
• It has a low degree of subjectivity.
• Its validity and reliability can be measured.
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
• It cannot adequately provide in-depth information necessary for describing and
explaining a complex phenomenon.
• It lacks the ability to provide a comprehensive textual description of human
experiences.
• Numerical data may be insufficient in analyzing intangible factors, such as gender roles,
socio-economic status, and social norms of a given population.
• It has less flexibility in terms of study design.
• Responses of participants are strictly limited to what has been asked. These responses
may not be extensive in some cases.
• Self-reported data may not be very accurate as respondents may have the tendency to
underestimate or overestimate their skills and behavior during selt-assessment tasks,
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research
Kinds of Quantitative Research