RESPONSIBLE

PARENTHOOD
AND FAMILY
PLANNING
By: MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO
POPULATION SITUATION
• The world population increased from 1 billion in
1800 to 7.7 billion today.
• The world population growth rate declined from
2.2% per year 50 years ago to 1.05% per year.
• Two hundred years ago the world population was
just over one billion. Since then the number of
people on the planet grew more than 7-fold to 7.7
billion in 2019.
POPULATION SITUATION
• The current population of the Philippines is 111,448,385 as of Thursday, October 14,
2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data.
• The Philippines 2020 population is estimated at 109,581,078 people at mid year
according to UN data.
• The Philippines population is equivalent to 1.41% of the total world population.
• The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by
population.
• The population density in the Philippines is 368 per Km2 (952 people per mi2).
• The total land area is 298,170 Km2 (115,124 sq. miles)
• 47.5 % of the population is urban (52,008,603 people in 2020)
• The median age in the Philippines is 25.7 years.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PD 965
A DECREE REQUIRING APPLICANT FOR MARRIAGE LICENSE TO RECEIVE INSTRUCTIONS ON
FAMILY PLANNING AND RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD.
• The government has adopted a national population program to achieve and maintain levels of
population most conducive to the national welfare;
• An essential element of the population program is to inform and instruct the people on family
planning and responsible parenthood; and
• An effective mode of implementing the program would be to require all applicants for marriage
license to receive instructions and information on family planning and responsible parenthood before
they are issued the marriage license, and to create the administrative machinery for giving such
instructions and information;
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PD 965
A DECREE REQUIRING APPLICANT FOR MARRIAGE LICENSE TO RECEIVE INSTRUCTIONS ON
FAMILY PLANNING AND RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD.
• Office of Family Planning. There is hereby created in every city and municipality an Office of Family
Planning to be headed by the city or municipal health officer. He shall be assisted by the city or rural
health nurse, members of the city or rural health unit, and such other personnel from the different
agencies of the government involved in the family planning program, who shall perform family
planning duties in addition to their regular duties. Private entities or individuals duly accredited by the
Commission on Population engaged in family planning activities may also be impressed into the
service.
• Duties of Family Planning Office. The Office of Family planning shall give instructions and information
on family and responsible parenthood to applicants for marriage license and other interested persons
in the form of personal instruction and/or handbook, pamphlets or brochures. Furthermore, such
instructions and information shall be consistent with the policies of the Commission on Population.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PD 79
REVISING THE POPULATION ACT OF NINETEEN HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-ONE
• Commission on Population: Creation. There is
hereby created an agency under the Office of the
President, a Commission on Population hereinafter
referred to as POPCOM, to carry out the purposes
and objectives of this Decree.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PD 69
PERSONAL EXEMPTION OF MARRIED PERSONS OR HEADS OF
FAMILY.
• The sum of three thousand pesos, if the person making the return is a married
man or a married woman or the head of the family: Provided, That only one
exemption of three thousand pesos shall be made from the aggregate income of
both husband and wife when not legally separated. For the purpose of this
section, the term “head of family” includes an unmarried man or woman with one
or both parents, or one or more brothers or sisters, or one or more legitimate,
recognized natural, or adopted children living with and dependent upon him or
her for their chief support where such brothers, sisters, or children are not more
than twenty-one years of age, unmarried, and not gainfully employed, or when
such children are incapable of self-support because mentally or physically
defective.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
RA 6365
AN ACT ESTABLISHING A NATIONAL POLICY ON POPULATION, CREATING THE
COMMISSION ON POPULATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
• Commission on Population: Creation and Composition. – To carry out the purposes and objectives
of the Act, there is hereby created in the Office of the President a Commission on Population,
hereinafter referred to as Commission, composed of the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of
Health, the Secretary of Social Welfare, the Commissioner of National Integration, the
Presidential Arm on Community Development, the Director of the University of the Philippines
Population Institute, and in addition, the President shall appoint, with the consent of the
Commission on Appointments, a representative from each of the following: Philippine Press
Institute, National League of Puericulture Centers, Inc., Philippine Medical Association, Family
Planning Organization of the Philippines, the Responsible Parenthood Council and the Institute of
Maternal and Child Health, for a term of five years.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 148: 
AMENDING FURTHER CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT 679, AS AMENDED,
COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE WOMAN AND CHILD LABOR LAW
•  MATERNITY LEAVE BENEFITS. —
a) Every employer shall grant to any pregnant woman employee who has rendered
an aggregate service of at least six months for the last twelve months, maternity
leave of at least two weeks prior to the expected date of delivery and another four
weeks after normal delivery or abortion, with full pay based on her regular or
average weekly wages. The employer may require from any woman employee
applying for maternity leave the production of a medical certificate stating that
delivery will probably take place within two weeks. 
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 148: 
AMENDING FURTHER CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT 679, AS AMENDED,
COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE WOMAN AND CHILD LABOR LAW
•  MATERNITY LEAVE BENEFITS
b) The maternity leave shall be extended without pay on account of illness medically
certified to arise out of the pregnancy, delivery, abortion, or miscarriage, which
renders the woman unfit for work, unless she has earned unused leave credits
from which such extended leave may be charged.
c) The maternity leave provided in the preceding paragraph shall be paid by the
employer only for the first four deliveries by a woman employee after the
effectivity of this Decree.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION NO. 47
TO: THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE
• Pursuant to General Order No. 1 and in order to facilitate the
implementation of the population program, you are hereby directed to
inform all schools of medicine, nursing, midwifery, allied medical
professions, and social work to prepare, plan and implement the
integration of family planning in their curricula and to require from their
graduates sufficient instruction in family planning as a prerequisite to
qualify for the appropriate licensing examination.
LAWS AND LEGISLATIONS RELATED TO
FP
REPUBLIC ACT 10354
THE RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ACT
OF 2012
• The right to make free and informed decisions, which is central to the exercise of any right, shall not be subjected
to any form of coercion and must be fully guaranteed by the State, like the right itself;
• Respect for protection and fulfillment of reproductive health and rights which seek to promote the rights and
welfare of every person particularly couples, adult individuals, women and adolescents;
• Since human resource is among the principal assets of the country, effective and quality reproductive health care
services must be given primacy to ensure maternal and child health, the health of the unborn, safe delivery and
birth of healthy children, and sound replacement rate, in line with the State’s duty to promote the right to health,
responsible parenthood, social justice and full human development;
• The provision of ethical and medically safe, legal, accessible, affordable, non-abortifacient, effective and quality
reproductive health care services and supplies is essential in the promotion of people’s right to health, especially
those of women, the poor, and the marginalized, and shall be incorporated as a component of basic health care;
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
1.CAREGIVER:
Midwives provide high quality antenatal and
postnatal care to maximize the women’s
health during and after pregnancy, detect
problems early and manage or refer for any
complications.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
2. Coordinator:
Midwives coordinate care for all women.
Coordinator ensures holistic, voluntary, and
social services for pregnant women when
appropriate so that every women’s birth
experience regardless of risk factor.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
3. Leader:
The role of a leader is to plan, provide, and review a
women’s care, with her input and agreement, from
the initial antenatal assessment through to the
postnatal period. Midwife’s leading role reduces
admission to hospital and results in significantly less
intervention during birth.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
4. Communicator:
As a communicator, the midwives understand the
effectiveness of communication. It helps to develop a
trust relationship with pregnant women and family
members. The midwife has to communicate
effectively with pregnant women and family members
as well as others so that they can share their all
problems.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
5. Manager:
The manager is a great role for the midwife.
Midwives manage all the circumstances
where appropriate and can recognize and
refer women to obstetricians and other
specialists at a time when necessary.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
6. Educator:
As an educator, midwives provide high
quality, culturally sensitive health
education to promote healthy, helpful
family life, and positive parenting.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
7. Counselor:
Midwives provide information and
counsel pregnant women on prenatal
self-care including nutrition, hygiene,
breastfeeding, and danger signs in
pregnancy and childbirth.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
8. Family planner:
They also counsel people as a family
planner. They provide all information
about all kinds of family planning
methods and help couples to take
decisions.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
9. Adviser:
Midwives advise on the development of
the birth plan and promote the concept
of birth preparedness. They also advise
on a complicated situation so that it will
help them to take decisions.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
10.Record keeper:
Record keeping is an integral part of
midwifery practice. It helps to make the
continuity of care easier and to enable
identify problems in an early stage.
11 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MIDWIVES
11.Supervisor:
Supervising and assisting mothers
during the antenatal period, monitoring
the condition of the fetus, and using
their knowledge to identify early signs
of complications.
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• The Philippine Population Program was officially
launched in 1970.
• In the beginning, the program was centered on
fertility reduction and contraceptive distribution,
using a clinic-based approach.
• In the 1970s, the family planning program shifted to
a family welfare approach, adopting a combined
clinic and community-based delivery approach.
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• The Philippine Population Program was officially
launched in 1970.
• In the beginning, the program was centered on
fertility reduction and contraceptive distribution,
using a clinic-based approach.
• In the 1970s, the family planning program shifted to
a family welfare approach, adopting a combined
clinic and community-based delivery approach.
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• In the 1980s, the population policy was re-stated,
calling for the broadening of population concerns
beyond fertility reduction to cover family formation,
the status of women, maternal and child health,
morbidity and mortality, population distribution and
urbanization, internal and international migration
and population structure
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• The Philippine Population Management Program
(PPMP) was developed in 1993 to supplant the
Philippine Population Program.
• The PPMP adopts the population, resources and
environment (PRE) framework which defines the
connection between population and sustainable
development.
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• Its overall goal is the improvement of quality of life by creating a
favorable environment for achieving rational growth and
distribution of population, defined in relation to resources and
environment.
• In the years 1998 to 2003, the program aims at promoting the
reproductive health approach in the implementation of
population policies and programs.
• Specifically, the Philippine Family Planning Program (PFPP) will
promote family planning within a comprehensive package of
reproductive health services
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• The action agenda includes:
1. Reducing unmet need for family planning services,
2. Reducing incidence of high-risk pregnancies,
3. Making available high-quality family planning
services,
4. Reducing abortion, and
5. Increasing the participation and sharing of
responsibility of men in the practice of Family
planning
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
• The action agenda includes:
1. Reducing unmet need for family planning services,
2. Reducing incidence of high-risk pregnancies,
3. Making available high-quality family planning
services,
4. Reducing abortion, and
5. Increasing the participation and sharing of
responsibility of men in the practice of Family
planning
 HISTORY OF FAMILY PLANNING IN
THE PHILIPPINES
•The Department of Health (DOH) is the lead
agency for the reproductive health and
family planning component of the PPMP.
•The Commission on Population (POPCOM) is
the coordinating body of the PPMP
RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD
as defined in the Directional Plan of POPCOM, is the
will and ability of parents to respond to the needs and
aspirations of the family and children.  It is a shared
responsibility of the husband and the wife to
determine and achieve the desired number, spacing,
and timing of their children according to their own
family life aspirations, taking into account
psychological preparedness, health status, socio-
cultural, and economic concerns.
HUMAN SEXUALITY
Sexuality is one of the fundamental drives behind
everyone’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. It
defines the means of;
• biological reproduction,
• describes psychological and
• sociological representations of self, and orients a person’s
attraction to others.
BENEFITS OF FAMILY PLANNING
Sexuality is one of the fundamental drives behind
everyone’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. It
defines the means of;
• biological reproduction,
• describes psychological and
• sociological representations of self, and orients a person’s
attraction to others.
BENEFITS OF FAMILY PLANNING
MOTHER
• Enables her to regain her health after delivery.
• Gives enough time and opportunity to love and provide
attention to her husband and children.
• Gives more time for her family and own personal
advancement.
• When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for
treatment and recovery.
BENEFITS OF FAMILY PLANNING
CHILDREN
• Healthy mothers produce healthy children.
• Will get all the attention, security, love, and care they
deserve.
BENEFITS OF FAMILY PLANNING
FATHER
• Lightens the burden and responsibility in supporting his
family.
• Enables him to give his children their basic needs (food,
shelter, education, and better future).
• Gives him time for his family and own personal
advancement.
• When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for
treatment and recovery.
CLIENT HEALTH ASSESSMENT
BENEFITS OF CONDUCTING A CLIENT ASSESSMENT
• Opportunity to get to know the client as an individual
• Establish areas of potential risk
• Ascertain a client’s preferences and needs
• Acknowledgement of cultural, religious, and ethnic
values
• Advocate freedom of choice and independence
CLIENT HEALTH ASSESSMENT
THREE PRIMARY COMPONENTS:
•History Taking (Subjective)
•Physical Examination (Objective)
•Documentation of Data
THANK
COUNSELLING
• Counselling is face to face communication by which
you help the person to make decision or solve a problem
and act on them.
• Counselling is a helping process aimed at- problem
solving.
• Counselling – done with individual , group or with
couple.
COUNSELLING
• Specific to the need , issue and circumstances of each
individual client.
• Interactive , mutually respectful, and collaborative
process
• Goal directed.
• Acceptable to social and cultural context.
• Bring changes in attitude.
COUNSELLING
Key Qualities of Counsellor: • Recognize your own
• Genuineness limitations.
• Listening • Patience
• Unconditional positive • Do not block free expression
regard of feelings
• Believing in client • Non-judgmental
• Make client aware of various • Being in control-stay focused
alternatives available and and do not wander all over
explain advantage and the place
disadvantage and implication • Knowledgeable.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
1. Listen Actively
• Accept the clients as they are.
• Listen to what your client say and how they say it. Notice the tone
of the voice ,facial expression and gesture.
• Keep silent sometimes. Give your client to think ,ask question.
• Sit comfortably.
• Look directly into the client when they speak ,not on your papers
and windows.
• Ensure that you are continually involved in the conversation by
either “nodding head, saying then or oh”
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
1. Listen Actively
• According to communication expert:
• 10 % of our communication represented by words. 30 % are represented
by sounds we make (by mimimum verbal) 60 % are represented by body
language ( eg- eye contact , body posture etc.)
• Once counsellor recognize client’s feeling let him/her know in clear and
simple words that he understood. This is know as “reflecting feeling”.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
2. Questioning
• Ask the question to understand clearly the client problem or
worries to help the client go deeper into his/her own
awareness or insight.
• Question – centered around the concerns of client and open
ended.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
2. Questioning
OPEN ENDED CLOSE ENDED LEADING QUESTIONS
Response more than one Limits the response of client in one word Unknowingly suggests answer to the client
answer
Invites the client to continue talking and Did not give opportunity to think about what Questions are usually judgmental
helps in what direction counsellor wants to they are saying
take conversation
Simple yes/no cannot answer the question Answer- very brief and do not provide much
information
What difficulties do you experience in Do you practice safe sex? You do practice safe sex , don’t you?
practicing safe sex?
Should I disclose your test result to your Do you think that your wife will abandon
When did you think would be right time to spouse? you if she knows about your HIV status?
disclose your test to your spouse?
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
2. Questioning
At the time of asking question:
Remember
• Ask one question at a time. Look at one person
• Be brief and clear
• Ask question that serve for purpose
• Use question that enables clients to talk about their feelings and behaviors.
• Use question to explore and understand issues and not to collect juicy
material for gossip.
• Don’t ask irrelevant question.
• Too many question at one time.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
3. Using silence
• Give time to the client to think about what to say next.
• Provide space to experience feeling.
• Allows client to proceed at their own pace.
• Give the client freedom to choose whether or not to
continue.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
4. Non-verbal behavior
• It is not what you say but how you say is important.
• Majority –non verbal
• Person body language is not similar to what they are
saying, it results in verbal confusion/misinterpretation.
• Effective counsellor-sensitive to nonverbal communication
Examples : gestures, facial expression, posture, eye contact, tapping
fingers, change in voice pitch and fluency of voice.
COUNSELLING
Micro skills of counsellor
5. Accurate Empathy
• Empathy means – recognition and understanding of clients
thoughts and emotions.
• It is characterized by ability to put oneself into another's shoes
i.e experience the view point of another within oneself.
6. Paraphrasing
• Counsellor repeat in his/her own words what client has said to
show understanding.
• Say in few words so that it can give summary of client’s word.
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
1. Rapport building
• Establishing a rapport by being genuine and extend warm
welcome to the client .
• Give introduction and orient the client.
• Assure confidentiality of the issue.
• Outline the counselling process for the client like content,
duration, testing options and procedure.
• Facilitated by good atmosphere, adequate privacy, seating
arrangement and establishing eye contact with the client .
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
2. Assessment and analysis of the problem:
• Defining and focusing specially on the problem.
• Identifying and assessing the gravity of the client’s problem.
• Assessing the impact of the problem on the client’s life
• Exploring the resources and support available to the client
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
3. Provision of ongoing supportive counselling
• Informing HIV-positive persons about the risks of developing
tuberculosis (TB) disease.
• Educating HIV-positive persons about the symptoms and signs of
TB
• Ensuring that each and every person attending the VCTC with
cough of more than three weeks’ duration is referred to the
designated microscopy center.
• Tell the importance of sputum examination in the diagnosis of
TB.
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
4. Goal setting
• Examples : pretest counselling of HIV/AIDS
a. To get the test done.
b. If not undergone test, encourage them and ask them to come
when they are prepared.
c. Prepare the client for any type of test result i.e
negative/positive.
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
5. Counselling intervention Key factors during post test
counselling
• Cross check the result with the client .
• Provide result to the client in person.
• Ask the client to summarize what was discussed last
time.
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
6. Termination and follow-up.
• HIV counselling does not ends with the diagnosis of the client
HIV status.
• Ask the client to come with his/her partner.
• Counsel their family members to accept them as a part of family
member and help them to live comfortable life.
• Knowledge of HIV test results identifies not just one infected
person but several affected areas who are their close associates.
COUNSELLING
Stages of counselling
GATHER
• G = Greet client in a friendly, helpful, and respectful manner.
• A = Ask client about needs, concerns, and previous use.
• T = Tell client about different options and methods.
• H = Help client to make decision about choice of method s/he
prefers.
• E = Explain to client how to use the method.
• R = Return: Schedule and carry out return visit and follow-up
of client
COUNSELLING
APPROACHES IN DOING COUNSELLING
1. Directive or Counsellor –centered or authoritarian style:
• Simplest to do
• Counsellor give advices, make decision based on what she thinks
is in the best interest of client.
• Expects the client to follow her advices
• Completely directed by counsellor.
COUNSELLING
APPROACHES IN DOING COUNSELLING
2. Non-directive counselling or client-centred :
• Counsellor is passive mainly listener.
• Client is active ,expresses herself freely and tells the counsellor
what he/she wants.
• After careful reflection and clarification , makes her own decision.
• The main function of the counsellor is to create an atmosphere in
which the client can work out his problem.
COUNSELLING
APPROACHES IN DOING COUNSELLING
3. Non-authoritarian style:
• Neither counsellor nor client controlled.
• Methods of counselling may change from client to client or even
with the same client from time to time.
• It is highly flexible.
• Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the counsellor
and the counselee.
COUNSELLING vs HEALTH EDUCATION
COUNSELLING HEALTH EDUCATION
Confidential Not Confidential
One to one process or a small group For a group of people
Focused, specific and goal directed Generalized
Facilitates change in attitude and motivates behavior Information is provided to increase the knowledge
change
Problem oriented Content oriented
Based on needs of client Based on public health needs.
COUNSELLING
Counselling is a process and not merely a technique
through which clients are helped to modify their behavior
and cope with their status effectively.

Counselling is not
• Telling or directing
• Giving advice
• A casual concern
• A confession
• Praying
THANK