TPCC 15

QUANTITY SURVEYING
“With GOD all things are Possible”

MATTHEW 19:26
SHORT REVIEW
Building Plans and Drawings
1. Floor Plans
2. Elevations
3. Foundation Plans
4. Beam Framing Plans
5. Column-Footing Details
6. Beam Details
7. Roofing Plans
8. Roof Framing Plans
9. Truss Detail
 QUANTITY SURVEYING
This course provides a basic understanding of the methods used to prepare a cost estimate of the
following:

1. Building Construction

2. Earthworks
CONCRETE WORKS
Concrete Proportion
The most common and convenient method in proportioning concrete mixture is called:

“Volume Method”
CONCRETE PROPORTION
Mixture Class Proportion Cement in Bag Sand (cu.m) Gravel (cu.m)
(40kg)
AA 1 : 1.5 : 3 12 0.50 1.0
A 1:2:4 9 0.50 1.0
B 1 : 2.5 : 5 7.5 0.50 1.0
C 1:3:6 6 0.50 1.0
CONCRETE WORKS
Example 1.

A proposed concrete pavement has a general dimension of 10 cm thick, 3 meters wide and 5 meters
long. Determine the quantity of cement in bags, sand and gravel in cubic meters required using class
“A” mixture.
SOLUTION
V=LWh

V = 5m (3m) (0.10m)

V = 1 .5 cu. m

Refer to table of Concrete Proportion

Cement: 1.5 (9) = 13.5 or 14 bags

Sand : 1.5 (0.5) = 0.75 or 1 cu. m

Gravel : 1.5 (1.0) = 1.5 cu. m

CONCRETE WORKS
Example 2.

A rural road 6 meters wide after base preparation requires concreting of one kilometer long. Find the
number of cement bags, sand and gravel required using class “A” concrete if the slab is 6 inches thick.
SOLUTION
V=LWh

V = 1000m (6m) (0.15m)

V = 900 cu.m

Cement = 900 (9) = 8100 bags

Sand = 900 (0.5) = 450 cu. m

Gravel = 900 (1.0) = 900 cu. m

 EXERCISES
1. A National highway project is 1 km long, 7.20 m wide, and 25 cm thick concrete. Find the number of cement bags,
sand and gravel required using class “AA” mixture.

2. The ground floor of a residential house has an area of 200 sq. m. The plan specify 4 inches thick concrete floor on
fill using class “C” concrete. List down the materials required.

3. A concrete wall, 3 inches thick with general dimensions of 3 meters high by 7 meters long specify class “B”
mixture. List down the materials required.

4. A reinforced concrete square column is 5 meters long with a cross sectional dimensions of 16 inches by 16 inches.
Determine the quantity of cement, sand and gravel using class “A” concrete.

5. A concrete column 4 meters high with cross sectional dimensions of 40 cm. x 40 cm. is supported by a footing slab
20 cm. thick by 1.20 meters square. Using class “A” concrete, find the quantity of cement, sand and gravel if there
are 12 columns of the same size.
 MASONRY
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB)

1. Load Bearing Blocks – the thickness ranges from 15 to 20 cm and are used to carry load aside from
its own weight.

2. Non-load Bearing Blocks – these are intended for walls, partitions, fences, dividers and the like
carrying its own weight whose thickness ranges from 7 to 10 cm.
STANDARD HOLLOW BLOKCS
The standard hollow blocks has three void cells and two half cells at both ends having a total of four.

These hollow cells vary in sizes depending to the type of mold used by the manufacturers.

It is recommended that CHB with bigger cells be considered in estimating for a more realistic result.
ESTIMATING CHB
Area Method - The most convenient and simplest way in estimating concrete hollow blocks.

Number of CHB = Area x 12.5

Hollow Cell Dimension = 0.20 m x 0.05 m x 0.075 m

ESTIMATING MORTAR AND
PLASTER
Mixture Class Proportion Cement in bag (40kg) Sand (cu.m)
A 1:2 18 1.0
B 1: 3 12 1.0
C 1: 4 9 1.0
D 1: 5 7.5 1.0
MASONRY
Example 1.

A concrete hollow block wall has a general dimension of 3.5 meters high by 4 meters long. The wall
should be plastered finished. Determine the number of CHB, cement and sand required to construct the
wall.
SOLUTION
A = 3.5 m (4 m)

A = 14 sq. m

CHB = A x 12.5

CHB = 14 (12.5)

CHB = 175 pcs

Note: an allowance of 5% is necessary to cover the breakage during delivery and construction.

CHB = 183.72 or 190 pcs

SOLUTION
Estimating Mortar:

V = 0.20 (0.05) (0.075) (4) (190)

V = 0.57 cu. m

Cement = 0.57 (18) = 10.26 or 11 bags

Sand = 0.57 (1) = 0.57 or 1 cu. M

Estimating Plaster:

V = 3.5 (4) (0.0254)

V = 0.36

Cement = 0.36 (18) = 6.48 or 7 bags

Sand = 0.36 (1) = 0.36 or 1 cu. m

MASONRY
Example 2.

A firewall is to be constructed. Determine the number of CHB, Cement and Sand needed for the
construction.
METAL REINFORCEMENT
Steel bars
most widely used reinforcing materials for almost all types of concrete construction.

An excellent partner of concrete in resisting both tension and compression stresses.

The National Building Code has promulgated guidelines on how and what kind of reinforcement is
appropriate for a certain type of work depending upon the purpose for which it is to serve.
 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
REINFORCEMENT
This is the simplest type of vertical and horizontal reinforcement placed in between the layers and
hollow core of the blocks.

This type of reinforcement is installed and spliced progressively with the rise of the concrete blocks.

The size and spacing requirements for concrete hollow blocks reinforcement must be indicated on the
plan or specifications.
 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
REINFORCEMENT
Area Method – is the simplest approach in computing the steel bar reinforcement for CHB.

Spacing (cm) Vertical Reinforcement Spacing Horizontal

(Length of bars in meter) (Layer) Reinforcement
(Length of bars in meter)

60 2.15 3 2.15
 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK
REINFORCEMENT
Example 1.

A concrete firewall is to be constructed with the following dimensions:

h = 4 meters

L = 5 meters

Compute the number of DRB, 10 mm dia. Bars for the reinforcement.

Solution
A= Lx h

A= 5 mx 4 m

A = 20 sq. m

Number of vertical bars =

Number of vertical bars = = 7.17 or 8 bars

Number of horizontal bars =

Number of horizontal bars = = 7.17 or 8 bars

 No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire for CHB
Reinforcement
Vertical Spacing (cm) Horizontal Layer Spacing Kg per sq. m (30 cm Tie)
60 3 0.032
 No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire for CHB
Reinforcement
Example:

A = 20 sq. m

Tie wire = A x 0.032

Tie wire = 20 (0.032)

Tie wire = 0.64 kg or 1 kg

 COLUMN-FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Direct Counting Method (DC Method) – The simplest way in estimating steel reinforcement for
column and footing.

Note:
Always check the specification of the reinforcement stated in the plan.

Always provide allowance in every calculation using DC Method.

 COLUMN-FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Example 1.

h = 3 meters

from finished

floor line.
COLUMN-FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Solution
Estimating Column reinforcement:

h = 3 m + 1 m + 0.20

h = 4.20 m or 6 m

Main bars for Column = 4 pcs of DRB, 12 mm dia. bars

Solution
Estimating Footing reinforcement:

X bars = 5 (960 mm – 150 mm)

X bars = 5 (810 mm) = 4050 mm

X bars = 1 pc of 16 mm dia. Bar

Y bars = 5 (960 mm – 150 mm)

Y bars = 5 (810 mm) = 4050 mm

Y bars = 1 pc of 16 mm dia. bar

 COLUMN-FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
Estimating Lateral Ties:
Considerable height = 4 m

Spacing Specs: 3 @ 50 mm, 7 @ 75 mm, rest is 150 mm to center symmetrically

Size of each Lateral Ties = [ 200 mm – 2 (40 mm) ] x 4 sides = 480 mm or 500 mm

Number of Lateral Ties = 19 x 2 = 38 ties

Number of 10 mm dia. Bars =

= 3.17 or 4 bars
 No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire for Column
and Footing Reinforcement
Steps in Estimating tie wire for column and footing reinforcement:
Count the number of intersections

Number of intersections x 30 cm (length of tie wire) = Total length of tie wire needed

Total length of tie wire divided by 53 (1 kg of tie wire is approximately 53 meters)

 No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire for Column
and Footing Reinforcement
For Column:

Number of Intersections = Number of Ties x 4

Number of Intersections = 38 x 4 = 152

Total length of tie wire = 152 (0.30) = 45.6 or 46

Tie wire =

Tie wire = 0.87 kg or 1 kg

 No. 16 G.I. Tie Wire for Column
and Footing Reinforcement
For Footing:

Number of Intersections = 5 x 5 = 25

Total length of tie wire = 25 (0.30) = 7.5

Tie wire =

Tie wire = 0.14 kg or 0.5 kg

One Way Slab Reinforcement
One Way Slab Reinforcement
Method: Area Method

Bar Spacing (mm) No. of bars per sq. m (6 m)

100 3.764
125 3.062
150 2.584
175 2.232
200 1.980
225 1.786
250 1.627
Tie Wire Reinforcement on a One
Way Slab in kg per sq. m
Bar Spacing (mm) kg per sq. m (30 cm)
100 0.474
125 0.316
150 0.228
175 0.168
200 0.132
225 0.110
250 0.089
One Way Slab Reinforcement
Example 1.

A one way slab having the ff. dimensions: L = 5.70 m, W = 5.50 m. Estimate the number of 12 mm
dia. Bars and the quantity of tie wire if the bar spacing is 200 mm on center both ways.

Solution:

A = 5.70 m (5.50 m)

A = 31.35 sq. m
One Way Slab Reinforcement
Number of 12 mm bars = A x 1.980

Number of 12 mm bars = 31.35 (1.980)

Number of 12 mm bars = 62.07 or 63 pcs of 12 mm dia. Bars

Tie wire = A x 0.132

Tie wire = 31.35 (0.132)

Tie wire = 4.14 or 5 kg of no. 16 G.I. Tie Wire

Two Way Slab Reinforcement
Two Way Slab Reinforcement
Method: Area method
Bar Spacing (mm) No. of bars per sq. m (6 m)
100 4.369
125 3.603
150 3.221
175 2.647
200 2.360
225 2.168
250 1.977
Tie Wire Reinforcement on a Two
Way Slab in kg per sq. m
Bar Spacing (mm) kg per sq. m (30 cm)
100 0.592
125 0.416
150 0.350
175 0.247
200 0.174
225 0.168
250 0.142
Two Way Slab Reinforcement
Example 1.

A Two way slab having the ff. dimensions: L = 7.20 m, W = 7.20 m. Estimate the number of 12 mm
dia. Bars and the quantity of tie wire if the bar spacing is 175 mm on center both ways.

Solution:

A = 7.20 m (7.20 m)

A = 51.84 sq. m
Two Way Slab Reinforcement
Number of 12 mm bars = A x 2.647

Number of 12 mm bars = 51.84 (2.647)

Number of 12 mm bars = 137.22 or 138 bars

Tie wire = A x 0.132

Tie wire = 51.84 (0.247)

Tie wire = 12.8 or 13 kg of no. 16 G.I. Tie Wire

Forms
The structural members of a building are built up into desired shapes and dimensions through the use
of form. Form is a temporary boarding, sheathing or pan used to produce the desired shape and size of
concrete.

Concrete mixture is generally semi-fluid that reproduces the shape of anything into which it is poured.
Forms
Greasing of Forms

Forms are constantly greased before its use. The purpose of greasing the form is to make the wood
waterproof preventing the absorption of water in the concrete which causes swelling and warping.

Crude oil is the most economical and satisfactory materials for this purpose. The crude oil is mixed
with no. 40 motor oil.
Forms
Types of forms/ framework to be adopted

a) Continuous rib type

b) Stud type
Forms
Plywood as Construction Form

Plywood dimension = 1.2 m x 2.4 m

Plywood area = 2.88 sq.m

Forms
Example 1.

Six concrete column at 3 meters high with a uniform cross sectional dimensions of 0.30m x 0.30m.
Estimate the use of marine plywood and 2”x2”x10’ wood frame using a continuous rib type forms.
 Forms
Solution:

1. Find the lateral perimeter of one column using the formula:

P = 2 (a + b) + 0.20 m

P = 2 (0.30 m + 0.30 m) + 0.20 m

P = 1.40 m

2. Multiply P by the column height and number of columns

Area = 1.40 m (3 m) (6)

Area = 25.2 sq. m

3. Divide the Area by 2.88

No. of Plywood =
Forms
Estimating number of 2”x2”x10’

10 feet = 3 meters

1 face = 3.5 pcs

1 column = 4 (3.5) = 14 pcs

6 columns = 14 (6) = 84 pcs of 2”x2”x10’ of wood

Scaffolding
Quantity of lumber for scaffolding

Lumber Column Beam Flooring

Board Ft per M Board Ft per M
Board Ft
size Horizonta Horizonta
Vertical Diagonal Vertical per sq. m
l l
2” x 2” 4.70 21.00 11.70 4.00 4.70 6.10
2” x 3” 7.00 31.67 17.50 6.00 7.00 9.10
2” x 4” 9.35 42.25 23.35 8.00 9.35 12.10
Scaffolding
Example 1.

A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a clear height of 4.00 meters as shown on figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the following specifications: 2” x 3” vertical support; 2” x 2”
horizontal and diagonal braces.
 Scaffolding
Solution:
1. Scaffolding for Columns

a) Find the length of 9 columns;

4.00 m x 9 columns = 36 meters

b) Refer to Table (vertical support)

36 m x 7.00 = 252 bd. Ft of 2” x 3”

c) Refer to Table (horizontal support)

36 m x 21.00 = 756 bd. Ft of 2” x 2”

d) Refer to Table (diagonal support)

36 m x 11.7 = 421.2 or 422 bd .Ft of 2” x 2”

 Scaffolding
2. Scaffolding for Beams

a) Find the total length of the 6 beams;

Length: (4.50 x 6) + (4.00 x 6) = 51 meters

b) Refer to Table (vertical support)

51 m x 6.00 = 306 bd. Ft of 2” x 3”

c) Refer to Table (horizontal support)

51 m x 4.70 = 239.7 or 240 bd. Ft of 2” x 2”

Scaffolding
3) Scaffolding for Concrete Slab

a) Find the area of the concrete slab;

Area: 4.50 m x 4.00 m x 4 = 72 sq. m

b) Refer to Table (vertical support)

72 m2 x 9.10 = 655.2 or 656 bd. Ft of 2” x 3”