STUDIO

26 AUGUST 2022: REVIEW 1: INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN PART 1

 STEP 1: POLICIES, PROGRAMMES & LEGAL FRAMEWORK

1. Identify National and State Policies/ Strategies and their

Goals
2. State Level/Regional/District SWM Strategies/Policies
Identify Overall Goals for ULBs.
3. Role of Central/State and Local Government
4. Institutions and Stakeholders Involved in MSWM Planning

STEP 2: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT SITUATION AND GAP ANALYSIS

1. Legal & Policy Framework

2. Institutional & Financial Set Up
3. Technical Aspects
4. Availability & Suitability of Land for Processing & Disposal
5. MSW Generation, Collection & Transportation
6. Current Status of Dump Sites
Methodology: STEP 3: ROLE OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION FOR MSWM PLANNING

STEP 4: PREPARATION OF DRAFT MSWM PLAN

1. Future Projections • Population Forecast • Anticipated Lifestyle Changes •

Change in Socio-economic Status
2. Rules, Regulations & Municipal Bye-Laws
3. Community Participation/IEC
4. Institutional & Financial Structuring
5. Storage, Collection (Door-to-Door & Street Sweeping), Transportation
6. Identification of Land & Inclusion in City Master Plan
7. Selection of Process & Best Available Technology for Processing & Disposal

STEP 5: SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

• Timeline • Manpower Requirement • Financial Viability

MANAGEMENT ASPECTS: PLANNING, INSTITUTIONAL AND
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Respective Zone Wise Authorities
Comprehensive Integrated Solid Waste Management Planning Process
 AMC AUDA
Pop
Solid waste generated

Data required
(per capita)
Composition of waste
generated
Sources of waste
generation
• Solid waste zones map (2022) Waste
• Zonewise // wardwise dumping sites disposed/treated

• Identify garbage vulnerability points, portable compressors, Dumping

depots, dumping sites (Active/closed), landfills (active/closed)
• location map (2022)
• Manpower of swm Zone No of
wards
Ward
nos.
Primary storage
(dumping depots)
Dumping sites

• Process of Waste management / frequency Open Closed Open closed

• Map major dumpsites, street sweeping and deposition centres (candD, e waste, etc)
• Service level benchmarks (indicators and performance)
• Organizations involved in waste management
Attributes SWM AMC AUDA
Generation
Collection
Transportation
Process and Treatment
Disposal

Ward Wise
Sources
Components
Staff
SLBS
Finances
Infrastructure/ Transport
GIS Based Mapping
Data required
• Source wise (landuse based—street sweeping, I institutional or
commercial, industrial, Cand D, Biomedical, agri or horticulture, e
waste) waste management (quantity generated till disposal/treatment)
• Role of informal sector in SWM
• Slums and swm (location)
• Zonal analysis (maps) - pop distribution and slums, waste gen and
collection, critical zones, wet waste/dry waste, composition of waste,
waste gen vs collection scenario (chart), available facilitates
(chart/table), weightage (performance of wards—assess criticality)
• Zonal analysis
Existing scenario
as per CDP 2021
• Solid waste generation in
Ahmedabad municipal area is
about 3300 tons per day, which
includes domestic, trade and
institutional waste as well as
construction and demolition
waste.
• With the increase in the city area,
due to rapid urbanization and
population growth the waste
generation during last seven
years has increased to more than
double that is from 1041 MT to
3300MT per Day.
Existing Scenario

• Waste collection Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation has initiated and implemented a concept of
public private partnership for collection of waste at its point of generation. A total of 1075 Resident
Welfare Associations are working for collection of waste at source.
• For the same, AMC has identified 645 locations for waste collection points and closed body M.S.
communal storage bins are provided for waste collection and thereby maintain a clean environment.
A total of 645 sites are identified for secondary storage and 638 sites for putting up closed containers.
There are 6 open sites for collection of building debris and construction waste.
• Nearly 70 to 75present of residential and 25 to 30 present of commercial properties are covered under
door to door collection of waste. The total road length covered by street sweeping is about 75 to 80
percent of the total road network of the city done by street sweepers in the morning or evening time.
• Transportation of waste Ahmedabad has a fully mechanized system of transportation of solid
waste. Nearly 198 vehicles and machineries are deployed for transportation and handling of MSW and
construction debris.
• Privatization for lifting and transportation of containers to dump site is implemented. In all, 800 trips are
made by all the vehicles from all the zones and an average of 3300 TPD waste is dumped on the dump site.

• Treatment of waste AMC has given 10 hectares of land to a private organization on PPP model
for treatment of waste. The plant capacity is 500 TPD where the municipal corporation delivers 500 MT of
MSW at the plant free of cost. Out of 500 TPD wastes received 250 TPD is in segregated manner, the waste
treated in 250 TPD and the waste rejected after treatment is 250 TPD.
• However, the organization is required to pay a royalty of 2.5% of the value of the compost sold in the
market. AMC has also awarded another contract for setting up waste to energy project to another private
organization on the same model for manufacturing pallets and fluffs from MSW. These pallets and fluffs are
used as raw fuel in industries which help in reducing the load on conventional raw fuel. The installed
capacity of the plant is 500 TPD. The treatment for bio medical waste is also done on private basis.
• Disposal of Waste Presently open dumping is resorted to on 84
hectares of open dumping land at Pirana, Narol in an unscientific manner.
The disposal of dead animals is done at the carcass ite. Nearly 1.5 MT of bio
medical waste is collected and disposed off to the incineration plant as per
the bio medical waste rules (1997), through private contractors authorized
by GPCB.
• Other than the open dumping site, AMC has constructed a new sanitary
landfill site at Gyaspur. The capacity of cell in phase I is 11.50 lakhs MT of
Solid waste with a life of six years. This phase I cell is presently operational.
The quantum of waste disposed at the landfill site is 500 MT/Day.
• AUDA had constructed a landfill site near Fatehwadi. That landfill site has
been handed over to AMC in 2008. The area of Fatehwadi landfill site is
38ha. The site is located between the Fatehwadi canal and Sabarmati River.
Issues in Solid Waste Management Services
Segregation of MSW
Door/Gate to Dump Collection in Residential, Slums Issues related to MSW Collection through Street
and Commercial Areas Sweeping & Litter Bins
Issues related to Hotels’ & Restaurants’ Kitchen Issues related to C&D MSW Collection
MSW Collection
Issues related to MSW Collection from Slaughter House, Meat, Fish and
Special Markets

Issues related to Lifting of Dead Animals

Issues related to Transportation of MSW
Issues in MSW Processing In Ahmedabad
i. Despite installed capacity of 30,000 MT/month only around 10,000 MT/month is being
processed by the 2 operational processing plants. Reasons cited by processing plant
operators are poor quality of MSW, i.e. mixed waste being supplied which is neither efficient
for composting, nor for manufacturing RDF.
ii. At present, the city is highly deficient in overall MSW processing capacity with an existing
gap of around 46,000 MT/month.
iii. Although segregated MSW is being collected for H&K, dead animals, meat waste and C&D
waste, no processing facility for the same is available.
iv. Without segregation at source, future possibilities of organic composting at city level would
be severely restricted. As per waste characterisation survey, nearly 40 percent of waste
reaching Pirana open dump comprises of food waste.
v. Ahmedabad has a huge pile of legacy waste dumped at Pirana waiting to be processed. Over
the years, valuable energy tapping opportunities from the legacy waste have been lost.
Issues in MSW Disposal In Ahmedabad
i. Without segregation at source, as per waste characterisation survey, nearly 40 percent of
waste reaching Pirana open dump comprises of food waste.
ii. Short cut method of mixed waste dumping in the open is encouraging waste picking
exposing waste pickers to extreme health and safety hazards.
iii. Uncontrolled open burning of MSW can be observed at Pirana as well as many other
secondary locations in the city.
iv. Open dump site at Pirana with unprocessed MSW is causing pollution in and around the
site
including residential and industrial areas.
v. Percolation of liquids into ground water through the open dump site has been polluting
ground water sources for years.
vi. Ahmedabad has a huge pile of legacy waste dumped at Pirana waiting to be processed.
Over
the years, valuable energy tapping opportunities from the legacy waste have been lost.
vii. Technological options for legacy waste are limited at the moment.s
Ongoing Initiatives of AMC in SWM
Services
Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign for Sanitation
In its endeavour to keep the city clean, AMC is of the view that in parallel to investments and
regulations; IEC (Information, Education and Communication) campaign is an important element to
improve city Solid Waste Management. AMC has initiated an IEC Campaign through various
mediums including:
• Door to Door Awareness campaigns (handouts/ paper bags with messages/ stationary with
messages);
• Public events (Environment day, Health day, Cleanup
drives, Ward Sabha etc.);
• Competitions, awards for localities, public places, malls, innovative initiatives;
• Capacity building of staff and other informal stakeholders through onsite and offsite training
and visit to best practices, and
• Mass Communication tools like Rallies, Street Plays, Skits, Hoardings, Banners, Theatres,
Radio Jingles, Local Cable Network, Telephone Ringtones/Jingles tieup
with Telecom
Companies, Lectures at schools and colleges.
Proposed Capping of Open Dump Site at Pirana
Over the years, AMC has been disposing MSW in open dumping site at
Pirana. Out of 84 acres,
around 65 acres of land has 20 to 25 metre high heaps of garbage
stocked. There is potential to tap
methane gas generated from these heaps and hence USEPA has
undertaken a pilot project in the
year 2007 for measuring the percentage level of methane
concentrations found; estimated at about
950 cu.m. daily. On an average, landfill gas contains 45 to 55 percent
of methane. The gas collected
can then be sold off to nearby industries as raw fuel. Many industries
have shown interest in using
the recovered methane gas. Alternatively, captured methane gas can be
processed, purified and
converted into electricity. While capping the heaps of garbage for
capturing methane gas, AMC plans
to build nature park/ green park over the dump site.

Green Waste Processing
AMC has tied up with a private company to set up a
demo/ pilot project for 60 days in Law Garden
area to convert the garden waste, green waste
coming from nearby hotels’ & restaurants’ kitchen
MSW, waste given by the citizens at the site into the
compost. The company operating the plant
would give back the compost to the citizens free of
cost in the proportion of conversion ratio from
waste to compost. Regular supplier of green waste
may become a member of this Eco Club and will
grow this concept. AMC has its own 200 public
gardens and if this concept turns to be successful,
then the same can be replicated elsewhere.
Wealth Out of Waste (WoW) Initiative
The project aims at segregating solid dry recyclable waste at
source including paper, plastic, metals,
glass, etc. The scheme is based on private agencies collecting
such segregated waste from
households, shops, offices, etc. and paying a sum based on fixed
rates to the waste provider. The
collection agency would further provide the dry recyclable was
to various recycling industries.
Ewaste Management
For effective implementation of Ewaste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 in Ahmedabad,
AMC in coordination with GPCB and with the help of
Corporate Sector, plans to establish points for
ewaste
collection, safe transportation and safe storage of the same. The
authorized ewaste
recycling company has expressed interest to transport the same
to its plant at its own risk & cost.
Transfer Stations
Six transfer stations are under planning in AMC with the objectives of savings in
transportation cost,
reduction in pollution and reducing contribution to traffic in the city. Transfer stations are
being
planned in five zones for handling 400 MT of MSW each. Eventually 12 stationary
compactors, 60
containers (20 to 25 cu.m. capacity each) and 40 large hook loader vehicles would be
required to
transfer MSW from these stations to disposal site or treatment plants.
Recommendations for Segregation of MSW
Dry and wet waste should be segregated at the earliest in Ahmedabad by
residential, commercial and institutions. With implementation of advance
levels of segregation in subsequent phases, dry waste should be further
segregated into paper, plastics, metals, glass, fabric, etc. Food waste
should be recycled for generation of compost material or for energy
generation.
Regulatory mechanisms should be introduced and enforced strictly.
Ewaste should be collected separately in compliance with Ewaste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 2011, through any one of the modes:
o Deposition at retailers and wholesalers of electricals and electronics
o AMC’s collection centre’s to be planned at various locations in the city
(1 per ward
or 10 per zone – locations to be decided based on likely generation of
ewaste)
o Formal licensed ewaste recyclers Batteries and cells should be
segregated in compliance with Batteries (M&H) Rules, 2000 AMC
should register waste pickers and convert them to municipal waste
collectors/ sorters/ sweepers through effective livelihood training. In order
to rehabilitate, a detailed study on profile of waste pickers and potentials
for rehabilitation should be conducted. The detailed
study should also recommend an implementable action plan for the same.
Recommendations for Door/Gate to Dump Collection in Residential,
Slums and Commercial Areas
Criteria to choose case study
• Similar size population
• Similar issues in SWM
• Methods adopted – (to be easily implemented )

Elements to be studied from case studies

• Brief Profile of the city
• SWM in city –existing situation
• Process and system adopted for SWM (How the system works?)
• Money flow
• What has worked?
• Key Learnings ( Replicability wrt different contexts)
 Case Studies

SURAT

• Known as the Silk City and the Diamond City, Surat has emerged as the nerve
centre of economic activity in Gujarat. It is a hub of both small-and large-
scale industrial activities. Surat has one of the oldest municipal governments
in the country, established in 1852. In 1964, due to increase in population,
Surat Municipality became Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC).