LESSON 1:

MATHEMATICS IN
OUR WORLD
PART I
 Mathematics is not all about
numbers. Rather, it is more
about reasoning, making
logical inferences and
generalizations, and seeing
relationship in both the visible
and invisible patterns in the
natural world.
PATTERN AND
SYMMETRY
 A pattern is a regularity in
the world, in human-made
design, or in abstract ideas or
it is a regular, or recurring
forms or design.
Numeric patterns or number
patterns are patterns or
sequences in a series of
numbers. This pattern
generally establishes a
common relationship between
all numbers.
 Example:

31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31,

30, 31, 30, 31
Common Number Patterns
A. Arithmetic Sequences
B. Geometric Sequences
C. Special Sequences
 A. Arithmetic Sequences
- made by adding the same value
each time

Ex: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25

…

The value added each time is

called the “COMMON
DIFFERENCE”
 B. Geometric Sequences
- made by multiplying by the
same value each time.

Ex: 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, …

What we multiply by each

time is called the
“COMMON RATIO”
 C. Special Sequences

1. Triangular numbers
(1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, …)
 C. Special Sequences

2. Square numbers
They are squares of whole numbers:
0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, …
 C. Special Sequences

3. Cube numbers
They are cubes of whole numbers:
1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, …
Geometric pattern is a kind of
pattern formed of geometric
shapes and typically repeated
like a wallpaper design.
Symmetry comes from a Greek
word ‘syn’ and ‘metron’ meaning
“to measure together”.
Mathematically, symmetry
means that one shape becomes
exactly like another when you
move it in some way: turn, flip
or slide.
A. Reflection Symmetry (sometimes
called Line Symmetry or Mirror
Symmetry). It is easy to see, because
one half is the reflection of the other
half.
 B. Rotational Symmetry, the image is
rotated (around a central point) so that it
appears two or more times. How many
times it appears is called the order.
The order of rotational symmetry of
a geometric figure is the number of
times you can rotate the geometric
figure so that its looks exactly the
same as the original figure.
Angle of Rotation/
Magnitude
=
 c. Point Symmetry is when every part
has a matching part: the same distance
from the central point but in the opposite
direction.
Q&A