Endocrine

System
Endocrine
System
• It sends chemical
signals known as
hormones that help the
body grow, develop,
and maintain balance
or homeostasis.
 Hormones
• They are chemicals that are
manufactured and secreted into
the bloodstream by an
endocrine gland
• It regulate the growth or
functioning of a specific tissue
or organ
 Endocrine Glands
• Hypothalamus • Thymus
• Pituitary gland • Pancreas
• Pineal gland • Adrenal
• Thyroid gland glands
• Parathyroid gland
• Gonads
Hypothalamus
• A small area at the middle
of the brain
• It controls the pituitary
gland
• It stimulates the production
of hormones for growth,
reproduction, and body
temperature
 Pituitary
• Found at the base of the
gland
brain near the
hypothalamus
• It is called the “master
gland” because it
regulates many body
functions and other
endocrine glands
Pineal •gland
Found near the center of
the brain
• It is shaped like a pine
cone
• It produces melatonin,
which serves various
functions in the nervous
system
 Thyroid
gland
• Found around the windpipe
• Its hormones regulate metabolism,
growth, and development.
• Thyroid dysfunction causes goiter.
• Goiter results from excess production
of the hormone thyroxine
( hyperthyroidism) or deficiency in
thyroxine (hypothyroidism)
Parathyroid glands
• Tiny structures found on the
surface of the thyroid gland
• With the thyroid gland, they
regulate calcium levels in the
blood
 Thymus
• Found in the chest and it
produces hormones for
the immune system
• It is also the main site for
lymphocyte maturation
Pancreas
• It lies between the
stomach and intestines
• It produces digestive
enzymes as well as
hormones that regulate
glucose level in the
body
 Adrenal glands
• It is located just above
the kidneys
• It regulate mechanisms
involved in stress
response, such as
breathing rate, blood
pressure, and alertness
 Gonads
• It refer to the main sex organs – ovaries in females
and testes in male
• They produce hormones that influence sexual
development and functions
 FEEDBACK
Glucose is MECHANISM
a form of sugar that comes from the food
we eat.
Hyperglycemia – too much sugar in the blood. It can
damage blood vessels increasing the risk of heart
disease and stroke, kidney disease, vision problems,
and nerve problems.
Hypoglycemia – low blood sugar can cause
confusion, irritation, fainting or seizures.
 FEEDBACK
It occursMECHANISM
when a product, also known as the
effector, will go back and influence a
stimulus within the system, either by
reducing it or by further enhancing its
production.
 FEEDBACK
MECHANISM
Increase in blood glucose

Pancreas releases insulin

into the blood
In response to insulin, liver cells store glucose as
glycogen. Thus glucose levels drop

In response to insulin to decrease in blood glucose,

the pancreas stops releasing insulin.