CULTURE RELATED CONCEPTS

y MULTI LEVEL CONCEPTS y FIRST LEVEL CONCEPT- ETHOS y SECOND LEVEL CONCEPT- CLIMATE y THIRG LEVEL CONCEPT- CULTURE

WHAT IS ETHOS?
y IT CAN BE DEFINED AS THE UNDERLYING SPIRIT

OR CHARACTER OF AN GROUP AND IS MADE UP OF ITS BELIEFS,CUSTOMS,AND PRACTICES. y ETHOS ARE CORE VALUES

OCTAPACE
y OPENNESS y CONFRONTATION y TRUST y AUTHENTICITY y PROACTIVITY y AUTONOMY y COLLABORATION y EXPERIMENTATION

ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE
y IT CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PERCEIVED

ATTRIBUTES OF AN ORGANISATION AND ITS SUBSYSTEMS AS REFLECTED IN THE WAY AN ORGANISATION DEALS WITH ITS MEMBERS,GROUPS,ISSUES.

DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE
y LEADERSHIP y MOTIVATION y COMMUNICATION y DECISIONS y GOALS y CONTROL

Characteristics Of Culture
y Culture is shared. y Culture is learned. y Culture is based on symbols. y Culture is integrated. y Culture is dynamic.

Culture Is Learned
y All culture is learned rather

than biologically inherited.

y The process of transmitting

culture from one generation to the next is called enculturation. individuals learn the socially appropriate way to satisfy biologically determined needs.

y Through enculturation

Culture Is Shared
y Culture cannot exist without

society.

y There are no known human

societies that do not exhibit culture.

y All is not uniform within a

culture; There is some difference between men s and women s roles in any human society.

Culture Is Based on Symbols

y Symbols are signs,

emblems, and other things that represent something else in a meaningful way. through ideas, emotions, and desires expressed in language. behavior, humans transmit culture from one generation to another.

y Culture is transmitted

y Through language, art &

Culture is Integrated
Barrel model of culture

y Every culture is an

integrated system.

y There are functional

relationships among the economic base (infrastructure), the social organization (social structure), and the ideology (superstructure).

Culture is Dynamic
y Cultures are dynamic systems that respond to motions and actions within and around them. y When one element within the system shifts or changes, the entire system strives to adjust, just as it does when an outside force applies pressure. y A culture must be flexible enough to allow such adjustments in the face of unstable or changing circumstances.

Two Ways to Understand Culture

Culture-specific approaches
Help to understand a particular cultural group (for example, Native Americans) Do not account for in-group differences

Culture-general approaches
Help to understand how culture works in people s lives; a universal perspective Suggest questions to ask of any culture

Culture Is Both Objective and Subjective

Objective culture
Physical artifacts Language Clothing Food Decorative

Subjective culture
Attitudes Values Norms of behavior Social roles Meaning of

objects

objective cultural elements

TYPES OF ORGANISATION CULTURE

y AUTOCRATIC y BUREAUCRATIC y TECHNOCRATIC y DEMOCRATIC

AUTOCRATIC CULTURE
y FOCUSED ON PROPER PROTOCOL y ORGANISATION CLIMATE

DEPENDENCY- AFFILIATION y ETHOS ARE, CLOSED MISTRUSTFUL SELF SEEKING

BUREAUCRATIC CULTURE
y FOCUSED ON RULES AND REGULATIONS y ORGANISATION CLIMATE

CONTROL- DEPENDENCY y ETHOS ARE, INERTIA LACK OF COLLABORATION CLOSED

TECHNOCRATIC CULTURE
y FOCUSED ON PERFECTION y ORGANISATION CLIMATE

EXPERT POWER- EXTENSION y ETHOS ARE, POSITIVE AUTONOMY COLLABORATION EXPERIMENTATION

DEMOCRATIC CULTURE
y FOCUSED ON RESULTS AND CUSTOMERS y ORGANISATION CLIMATE

ACHIEVEMENT- EXTENSION y ETHOS ARE POSITIVE OCTAPACE