Welcome to:

Human Body
 Unit Holistic Map

Aliments Affected by Human Body System

includes

Which can be
prevented by Integumentary System
Parts and have Skeletal System
Function Muscular System
practicing healthy Digestive System
lifestyle and proper That Circulatory System
care Respiratory System
Nervous System

Works together
Musculoskeletal
System
Skeletal System
Quick Quiz Complete each of
these statements with always,
sometimes, or never.
I ____ warm up before exercising.

When I ride a bicycle or play contact sports, I ____ wear a

helmet and other protective gear.

When I ride in a vehicle, I ____ fasten my seat belt.

My backpack for school is ____ less that 15% of my body

weight.

I ____ make an effort to eat balance meals and exercise

regularly.
 8
Goals/Objectives

Identify the five main roles of the skeletal system.

Describe the functions of bones and joints.

Explain how you can keep your skeletal system healthy.
Identify the parts and function of the muscular system.

Differentiate the different types of muscles.

Explain how the muscular system works with skeletal system.
Musculoskeletal System

Made up of skeletal and muscular system. These two

system works together to move the different parts of your
body.

Skeletal System Muscular System

Bones, cartilages and joints Muscles

 Key Terms: 10

The body system that serves as a support framework, protects vital

 Skeletal System organs, works with muscles to produce movement, and produces
blood cells.

 Functions of the Skeletal System

• provides support, posture and shape
• protects internal organs
• allows your body to move
• Production of red blood cells
• Mineral Storage
 11

Support, Posture and Shape

• Your skeleton is made up of all the bones in
your body.
• Your skeleton gives your body its basic shape and provides the
support that you need.
• Provides framework for attachment and support to muscles and
tissues.
• Your posture is brought about by the proper alignment of bones
and muscles.
Protection
12

• Try to touch your head. Do you feel the bone protecting your head?

• The bone on your head is skull. The skull protect your brain.

• The rib cage protects the heart and the lungs

• The vertebral column protects the spinal cord

Movement
13

• In coordination with your muscular and nervous systems, your

skeletal system allows you to move.

Storage and Production of Materials

• Your bones store essential substances which are released when
other parts of the body need them.

• Some bones also produce blood cells.

 The Skeletal System Skull 9 14
10
1) Sternum (breastbone)
1
11
2) Vertebral column (backbone) 12
3) Carpals 12) Ribs 2
13
4) Metacarpals 13) Radius
15 14
5) Phalanges 14) Ulna 3
4
6) Tarsals 5 16
15) Pelvic girdle
7) Metatarsals 16) Femur
17
8) Phalanges 17) Patella 18
19
9) Clavicle (collarbone) 18) Fibula
10) Scapula (shoulder blade) 19) Tibia 6
7
11) Humerus 8
 The Skeletal System Skull
1) ____________ 9 15
10
2) ____________ 1
11
3) ____________ 12) ______ 12
2
4) ____________ 13) ________ 13

5) ____________ 14) ________ 15 14

3
6) ____________ 15) ________ 4
5 16
7) ____________ 16) ________
8) ____________ 17) ________ 17
9) ____________ 18) ________ 18
19
10) ____________ 19) _______
6
11) ____________ 87
Skeletal System

Axial Skeletal consist of skull,

vertebral column and ribs. This
bones protect the body’s vital
organ.
 Skeletal System

Appendicular skeleton are the upper

and lower limbs. Upper limbs are the
arms and hand, the lower limb includes
the legs and feet.
 19
Bones and Joints
• A place in your body where two or
more of your bones come together
is called a joint.

• Joints allow for movement and

protect bones from friction and
force.
 Fun Facts

• a babies has 270 bones.

• Human adult have 206
• 30/40% of our body weight is made up of
skeleton
• The bones in our feet is consist of 26
bones
 Movement of Joints
1. Immovable or fixed joints: firmly attached to one another. These joints
have the same dense materials. “No movement is allowed”.

2. Slightly or partially movable joint: allow partial or slight movement due to

the presence of cartilage.

3. Freely movable or synovial joints: allow wide range of movement

 Ball-and-Socket Joint 22
A ball-and-socket joint allows movement
Pivot Joint in all directions. Your shoulders and hips
A pivot joint connects your are ball-and-socket joints.
head to the first vertebra in
your backbone. It allows you
to turn your head from
side to side.
Hinge Joint
Hinge joints allow
Gliding Joint
Gliding joints allow bending and
movement in many straightening
directions as the bones movements. Your
slide along each other.
Your wrists and ankles contain
knees
and elbows are
gliding joints. hinge joints.
 Ligaments 23
23

are bands of tough elastic tissue around

your joints. They connect bone to bone, give
your joints support, and limit their movement. 

Cartilage
is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, rubber-like
padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at
the joints and nerves.
 Development of Bones 24

• Your bones are living structures that undergo change throughout your
life.
• Cartilage is a tough supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible
than bone.
• By young adulthood, most of this cartilage is replaced by bone in a
process called ossification.

• In a process called ossification minerals, such as calcium and

phosphorus, are deposited within the cartilage, making it hard.
 25

Structure of Bones
• Bone consists of two different types of tissue—compact
bone and spongy bone.
• Another type of tissue called marrow fills the spaces in
bones.

• There are two types of marrow—red and yellow.

 Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
26
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.

Spongy Bone
Outer Membrane Spongy bone contains flat
An outer membrane and needlelike structures
covers most of a long bone. that resist stress. Red bone
The inner portion of a membrane contains marrow may fill the open
cells that build up and breakdown bone. spaces in some bones.

Central Cavity
Central cavities in long
bones usually contain
yellow bone marrow (fat).
 Did you know?– Cracking Knuckles

• Cracking knuckles has not been clearly linked to causing

arthritic problems.
• The popping or cracking sound is normal.
• When a joint is pulled, lower pressure is created in the
joint area, causing tiny air bubbles to break.
• Which is the noise people hear.
 28
Adequate intake of
A combination of eating calcium and
well, exercising, and Regular medical phosphorus will help
avoiding injuries checkups can help your bones grow to

Keeping contributes to lifelong detect skeletal system their maximum size

bone and problems. and strength.

Healthy joint health.

Osteoporosis is a
condition in which the
bones become weak
and break easily.
Other nutrients that are
important for bone health
include potassium,
magnesium, and vitamins
A, C, and D.
When participating in a
physical activity, wear
appropriate safety
equipment, such as helmets
and pads.

Always wear a seat belt

Exercise Regularly when traveling in a vehicle. Have regular check up
Differentiate axial and appendicular skeletons.

Axial Appendicular
 Answer page 75

How does the human bone and muscle perform the following?
1. Posture, support and
shape:________________________________________________

2. Protection:_____________________________________________

3. Movement:____________________________________________

4. Mineral Storage:_______________________________________
The Muscular System

31
 32
The function of the muscular system is movement.

Types of Muscle Tissue

There are three different types

of muscle tissue:
 skeletal
 smooth
 cardiac
 33
Skeletal muscles:
• are usually attached to
bones.
• are responsible for
voluntary movements.
• have many nuclei.
• are sometimes called
striated muscles.
Smooth Muscles 34

 are usually not under voluntary

control.
 are spindle-shaped.
 have one nucleus.
 are not striated.
 are found in many internal organs
and blood vessels.
 Most smooth muscle cells can
function without nervous stimulation.
 They are connected by gap junctions
that allow electrical impulses to
travel among muscle cells.
 35
Cardiac Muscle
• is only found in the heart.
• is striated.
• may have one or two
nuclei.
• Cardiac muscle cells are
connected to each other by
gap junctions.
○How Muscles and Bones Interact 37

◦ Skeletal muscles are joined to bones by

tendons.
◦ Tendons pull on the bones so they work like
levers.
◦ The joint functions as a fulcrum.
◦ The muscles provide the force to move the
lever.
 38
Proper care of Musculoskeletal System

Exercise Adequate Sleep Proper Nutrition

 Activity: Muscular System

Types of Muscular Movement Appearance Location

Muscle Tissue (Striated or
nonstriated)

Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
Formative Assessment:

Answer Page 79-80

Self-check A-D