Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GM Controversies
GM Controversies
modified foods?
Miracle foods for a hungry world….
http://scope.educ.washington.edu/gmfood/
…..or a public menace?
http://www.foeeurope.org/press/eric01.jpg
i.cnn.net/.../10/biotech.us.europe/story.gm.jpg
http://www.newint.org/issue320/Images/
tradepic.jpg
Transgenic, cisgenic and intragenic genetic modification of crop plants.
The study found that rats fed for two years with
Monsanto’s glyphosate-resistant NK603 maize (corn)
developed many more tumours and died earlier than
controls. It also found that the rats developed tumours
when glyphosate (Roundup), the herbicide used with
GM maize, was added to their drinking water
Paper withdrawn..
• Authors showed “no evidence of fraud or
intentional misrepresentation of the data..
• However.. the small number and type of
animals used in the study mean that “no
definitive conclusions can be reached”.
• The known high incidence of tumours in
the Sprague–Dawley strain of rat ”cannot
be excluded as the cause of the higher
mortality and incidence observed in the
treated groups
The future..Racovita et al
(2014)
Questions..
• Does the cultivation of GM crops result in
a lower number of pesticide poisoning?
• Does cultivation of GM crops allow for
higher financial resources to be used by
farmers to improve their lives and their
family’s health status? (work in progress..)
Current US Views on GM
safety (FDA 2014)
• While FDA regulates foods and ingredients, including foods made
from GE plants, the agency neither supports GE plants based on
their perceived benefits nor opposes them based on their perceived
risks.
• However, FDA recognizes that there are diverse views among food
manufacturers, the agricultural industry and the public.
• The foods evaluated through the consultation process have not
been more likely to cause an allergic or toxic reaction than foods
from traditionally bred plants
Conclusion
• Are GM crops safe/dangerous to human
health?
• Sensible question, one of public concern
and is up for discussion
• However Martinelli et al (2013) argue this
question is “too wide” and unanswerable
• Concentrate on “case by case” evaluation
of individual plants
References
• Kramkowska M, Grzelak T, Czyzewska K (2013) Benefits and risks
associated with genetically modified food products J agriculture and Environ
med 20(3) 413-9
• Adejumo BA, Nwaigwe JO (2013) A review of the health implications of
genetically modified foods. Int J Eng and Science. 2(10) 43-48
• Martinelli L, Karbarz M, Siipi H (2013) Science, safety and trust: the case of
transgenic foods. Croat Med 54(1): 91-96
• Goodman RE (2013) Evaluation of endogenous allergens for the safety
evaluation of genetically modified food crops: Review of potential risks, test
methods, examples and relevance. J of Agricult and Food Chistry. 61(35) pp
8317-8332
• Reese P (2008) Risks from GMO’s due to Horizontal Gene Transfer
Environmental Biosafety Res. 7 (3)
• World Health Organisation (2014) Food safety 20 questions on GM foods.
Accessed online at
http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/20questions/en/
• Racovita M, Obonyo DN et al (2014) What are the non food impacts of GM
crop cultivation on farmers health? Environmental evidence 3: (1)