PLANCK'S QUANTUM

THEORY
 Max Planck
•In 1901,Max Planck initiated
Quantum Physics by presenting his
Quantum theory.

He was awarded Nobel Prize in

Physics on 1918.
PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY

a)Energy is not emitted or absorbed

continuously.It is emitted or absorbed in the form
of wave packets or quanta.

In case of Light the

quantum of energy is
often called photon.
 PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY
b) The amount of energy associated with quantum of radiation is
directly proportional to the frequency(v)of radiation i.e.

Where,h=Planck's Constant=6.63x10^-34 J.s

 PLANCK'S QUANTUM THEORY
c) A body can emit or absorbed energy only in terms of integral
multiple of a quantum/photon.

E=nhv
Where n=1,2,3,..
 FREQUENCY
•The number of waves passing through a point per second is
called frequency.

Unit:
S^-1 or Hz (Hertz)
 WAVELENGTH
•The distance between two adjacent crests of troughs is called
wavelength.

Unit:
m(meter)
ENERGY & WAVELENGTH

Where, C=Velocity of Light =3×10^8ms^-1

 According to Planck's Quantum
Theory

Therefore;

•Thus greater the wavelength of radiation,tge Lower will be the

energy.
 WAVE NUMBER
•The Reciprocal of wavelength is called wave number.

Unit;
•A (Angstrom) or nm (Nanometers)
1°A =10^-10 m
10 nm=10^-9m
 Energy & Wave Number
As we know that

Therefore

•Thus energy of radiation is directly proportional to wave

number.
PHOTOELECTRIC
EFFECT
Photon(Quantum of Light)

•In 1905,Einstein proposed that

electromagneticradiation or light is
made up of photons.Thus tge
photon is the elementary elements
of light made up of photon.

•Einstein Show that-light energy is

not emitted continuously but it is
emitted by individual amount of
energy called quantum of energy.
 Energy of photon
•According to Einstein,each photon of a light wave of frequency
has the energy E is given by

E=hf

Where
E=energy of photon (joule)
h=planck's constant 6.63x10^-34 J.s
f=frequency of photons(Hz)
•Albert Einstein used the Planck's theory to solve another mystery in
physics,the photoelectric effect,a phenomenon in which electron are ejected
from the surface of certain metals exposed to light of atleast a certain minimum
frequency called the threshold frequency.

•The wave particle duality of light,a phenomenon in which light

can exhibit both wave,like and particle like

•Energy (binding Energy)of a photon of light is E=hf

 Example

a)Calculate the energy (in joules) of a) a photon with a wavelength of 5.00x10^4

nm (infrared region) and b)a photon with a wavelength of 5.00x10^22 nm (x ray
region)
 Example

•Compare the wavelength for an electron (mass=9.11×10^-31 kg)

travelling at a speed of 1.0×10^7 m/s with that for a ball (mass=0.10 kg)
travelling at a speed of 35 m/s.

Solution