CHAPTER 02

SERVICEABILITY,
DURABILITY, STABILITY
REQUIREMENTS
Prepared By
Eng. F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Eng.) (Hon’s) (OUSL),
MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
 CONTENTS

Design Aim & Example

Design Methods (Limit State Design)
Material Properties
Loads
Stress, strain curves for steel and concrete
Main design components of a building

Prepared By : Eng. F. M. M Abdullah

Serviceability, durability, stability requirements (B.Tech (Eng.) (Hon’s) (OUSl), MSc (Structural) (Reading),
(BS 8110-1: 1997) AMIE(Sl)
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE

A durable concrete element is one that is designed and constructed to protect embedded metal from
corrosion and to perform satisfactory in the working environment for the lifetime of the structure

Clause 3.1.5

• Durability of concrete may be defined as the ability of concrete to resist:

− weathering action,
− chemical attack, and
− abrasion while maintaining its desired engineering properties.
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE CONT..

Serviceability, durability, stability requirements Prepared By : Eng. F. M. M Abdullah

(BS 8110-1: 1997) (B.Tech (Eng.) (Hon’s) (OUSl), MSc (Structural) (Reading),
AMIE(Sl)
DAMAGE OF CONCRETE DUE TO LACK OF DURABILITY

Corrosion of reinforcement Spelling of concrete

Wide cracks developed

REQUIREMENTS FOR DURABILITY

1. Exposure condition

2. Requirements for concrete cover

3. Shape and size of member

4. Limits of spacing of reinforcement

5. Span – effective depth ratios

EXPOSURE CONDITION
These requirements interrelated, and BS 8110 specifies minimum combinations of thickness of cover and mix
characteristic for various exposure conditions
Clause 3.3.7, Table 3.2
EXPOSURE CONDITION CONT….

Nominal Cover to Reinforcement to Meet Durability Clause 3.3.7, Table 3.3

MINIMUM MEMBER DIMENSION AND COVER FOR FIRE PROTECTION

Minimum Member Dimension for Fire Resistance Clause 3.3.7, Table 3.4, Fig 3.2
MINIMUM MEMBER DIMENSION AND COVER FOR FIRE PROTECTION

Nominal Cover to Reinforcement to Meet Durability Clause 3.3.7, Table 3.4

NOMINAL COVER
Clause 3.3.1.1

The limiting values of cover given in Tables 3.3 and 3.4 of the code which ensure adequate provision to
satisfy durability and fire protection are specified in terms of ‘nominal’ cover to all reinforcement including
link
NOMINAL COVER CONT…

The number of criteria to be considered when determining the nominal covers

Clause 3.3.1.1

01. Bar size (Cl 3.3.1.2)

1.1) Single bar

1.2) paired bars
1.3) Bundle bars
02. Nominal aggregate size (Cl 3.3.1.3)

03. Uneven surface (Cl 3.3.1.4)

NOMINAL COVER CONT…

Clause 3.3.1.1
01. Bar size (Cl 3.3.1.2)

• Single bars
NOMINAL COVER CONT…

Clause 3.3.1.1
01. Bar size (Cl 3.3.1.2) Cont…

• Paired bars

Nominal cover ≥ d1
NOMINAL COVER CONT…

Clause 3.3.1.1
01. Bar size (Cl 3.3.1.2) Cont…

• Bundle bars

Nominal cover ≥ d1
Nominal cover ≥

= Sum of the cross sectional areas of the

bundle bars
NOMINAL COVER CONT…

02. Nominal maximum aggregate size Clause 3.3.1.3

03. Uneven surface Clause 3.3.1.4

MINIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT
Minimum areas of steel are required in structural elements to ensure that any unnecessary cracking due to
thermal/shrinkage effects or tension induced by accidental loading can be minimized
Clause 3.12.5.3, Table 3.25
MINIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT CONT…

Clause 3.12.5.3, Table 3.25

In rectangular columns: number of bars ≥ 4

diameter of bars ≥ 12 mm

In circular columns: number of bars ≥ 6

diameter of bars ≥ 12 mm
 
MAXIMUM AREAS OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.6,

Beams Clause 3.12.6.1 As ≤ 4% Ac

As′ ≤ 4% Ac

Columns Clause 3.12.6.2 in vertically-cast columns Asc

≤ 6% Ac
MINIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.11.1,
MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.11.2,

Note ;
MAXIMUM AREAS OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.6,

Beams Clause 3.12.6.1 As ≤ 4% Ac

As′ ≤ 4% Ac

Columns Clause 3.12.6.2 in vertically-cast columns Asc

≤ 6% Ac
MINIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.11.1,
MAXIMUM SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT

Clause 3.12.11.7,
SPAN – EFFECTIVE DEPTH RATIOS

Clause 3.4.6.1, Table 3.9

SPAN – EFFECTIVE DEPTH RATIOS FOR INITIAL DEIGN

Clause 3.4.6.1, Table 3.9

 Initial design of Slabs

 Initial design of Beams