SERIAL

COMMUNICATION
RS-232 Standard

• Electrical signal characteristic:

Transmitter:
Logic 1: –5 V to –25 V
Logic 0: +5 V to +25 V
Undefined logic level: +5 V to –5 V

Receiver:
Logic 1: –3 V to –25 V
Logic 0: +3 V to +25 V
Undefned logic level: –3 V to +3 V
RS-232 Standard
RS-232 Standard

• Mechanical characteristics of the interface

DB-9 Connector

Male Female
RS-232 Standard

• DB-9 Pin
RS-232 Standard
RS-232 Standard
RS-485 Standard
RS-232 vs RS-485
HART

• Highway addressable remote transducer (HART) is the global

standard protocol for sending and receiving digital information
across analog wires between smart devices and control or
monitoring system.
• It superimposes digital signal on top of the 4–20 mA analog loop.
HART allows for a simultaneous analog signal with a continuous
digital communication signal that has no effect on the analog signal.

• The HART communication protocol is based on the Bell 202

telephone communication standard
and operates using the frequency-shift keying (FSK) principle.

• The digital signal is made up of two frequencies – 1200 Hz and 2200

Hz representing bits 1 and 0, respectively.
HART protocol

• Master–slave mode: HART is a master–slave communication

protocol. A master communication device initiates all slave
(feld device) communication during normal operation.
• The primary master is generally a distributed control system
(DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), or a personal
computer (PC).
• Slave devices include transmitters, actuators, and controllers
• Burst mode: Burst mode enables faster communication (3–4
data updates per second).

• In burst mode, the master instructs the slave device to

continuously broadcast a standard HART reply message (e.g.,
the value of the process variable).
HART NETWORKS

• Point-to-point: In point-to-point network mode,

the traditional 4–20 mA signal is used to
communicate one process variable, while
additional process variables, confguration
parameters, and other device data are transferred
digitally using the HART protocol
• Multidrop: The multidrop mode of operation
requires only a single pair of wires and, if
applicable, safety barriers and an auxiliary power
supply for up to 15 feld devices.
All process values are transmitted digitally.
HART NETWORKS
OTHERS

• MODBUS
• PROFIBUS
• FIELDBUS
• CANBUS