MAGANDANG

BUHAY
MGA
KA-
SAYSAYAN!!!
PATTERNS OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Cyclical
Linear
Spiral
Chaotic
Eccentric
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Cyclical History
(A Christian Doctrine)
Ibn Khaldun/ G. Vico

The periodicity of history is based

on the repetition or recurrence of
social processes.

Greek word eschatology, a field of

study that literally means “discourse
about last things”.

The purpose of eschatology is to

study the final destiny of every
created being in accordance to the
purposes of God.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Spiral
The course of history is
running
through different stages.

Each period in history

changed
and developed
logarithmically.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

 
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
UNDERSTANDING HISTORY
So, what is history?
Definition of History
 derived from the Greek noun ἱστορία
ἱστορία (historia) = learning; inquiry

 “the past of mankind”

 Geschichte = the German word for history

Geschehen = to happen

- Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History

History - chronological record of significant
events, the study of past events.

-Webster’s Vest Pocket Dictionary(Springfield:

Merriam Webster, Inc., Publishers), p. 149
ELEMENTS OF HISTORY
Man
Place
Period (time element)
Sources
- primary sources
- secondary sources
Kinds of History
Factual History
When there is nothing more than
information about the origin of events.
Ex: Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19,
1861
Speculative History
When one attempts to get the truth and
demand explanations about the origin of
events.
Ex: How does the death of Dr. Jose Rizal
changed the lives of the Filipinos?
THEORIES OF HISTORY
Great-God Theory
Great-Mind Theory
Great-Man Theory
Great-People Theory
Human Nature Theory
THEORIES OF HISTORY
Great-God Theory (St. Augustine)
Claim that history has a divine origin.
Ex: God

Great-Mind Theory (Plato)

brilliant intellects, or even one mental
genius, supplies the mainspring of human
advancement.
Ex: Philosophers/Oracle
THEORIES OF HISTORY
Great-Man Theory (August Comte)
The influential and able individuals
determine the main direction of history.
Ex: Kings/Emperors

Great-People Theory (Arnold Toynbee)

Some elite, the best race, the favored nation,
the ruling class alone make history.
Ex: Greeks/Romans
THEORIES OF HISTORY
Human Nature Theory (Socrates)
The essential human nature as the prime
mover of history.
Ex: Traits and Character
“If you talk to a man in a language
he understands, that goes to his
head. If you talk to him in his
language, that goes to his heart.”

-Nelson Mandela
KASAYSAYAN IN THE
LANGUAGE AND PERSPECTIVE
OF FILIPINO
KASAYSAYAN
• saysay (narrative or salaysay)
• saysay (relevance, importance)
• If relevant, for whom?
• Zeus Salazar definition: Salaysay na may
saysay para sa sinasalaysayang grupo ng tao
(Relevant stories/narrative of the people).
“Each generation of historians
develops its own perspectives,
and that our understanding of
the past is constantly reshaped
by the historian and the world
he or she inhabits”
-Howell & Prevenier
History as Reconstruction
the historian is many times removed from
the events under investigation

historians rely on surviving records

History Defined by E.H. Carr
the inquiry conducted by the historian and
the series of past events into which he
inquires
is the continuous process of interaction
between the historian and his facts, an
unending dialogue between the present
and the past
History means interpretation
History is what the historian makes
History is the re-enactment in the historian's
mind of the thought whose history he is
studying. -Collingwood

History is the historian's experience.

-Oakeshott

History is “a selective system” not only of

cognitive, but of causal, orientations to
reality. -Parsons
Three Major Components to
Effective Historical Thinking

1. Sensitivity to Multiple Causation

2. Sensitivity to Context

3. Awareness of the interplay of continuity

and change in human affairs
So what?

Why bother with what

has been?
Importance of Studying History
History helps us understand people and
societies
History helps us understand change and
how the society we live in came to be
History contributes to moral
understanding
History provides identity
Studying history is essential for Good
Citizenship
Why Study History ?
1.To learn about the past.
 
As you study history you will learn about the challenges and achievements of
people throughout the world in different periods of time . The pleasure and
satisfaction you will gain from examining the amazing record is the reason for
studying history.
 
2.To understand the present.
 
The more knowledge you gain of the past, the more insight you will have in to
the present. Links between the past and the present are all around you.
History will help you understand yourself and the world in which you live.
 
 
 
Why Study History ?
3.To appreciate your Heritage
Knowledge of the history will give you an even greater appreciation of your heritage.
Among the legacies are Democracy from Ancient Athens, written law from
Mesopotamia, Arabic numerals from india. You will come to value these contributions
from the past that are the foundation of your culture and tradition.
 
4.To broaden your perspective.
History introduces you to places and societies all over the world. Knowledge of other
peoples and other cultures will give you a better perspective of the times in which you
live.
 
5.To acquire background for critical thinking
  Problems and their solutions are central to any survey of history. You will have the
many opportunities to uncover the roots of present day issues. Your understanding of
the past will enhance your ability to evaluate and deal effectively with concerns of your
own times.
 
 
QUOTES
“THE SUPREME PURPOSE OF HISTORY IS A BETTER WORLD”
– HERBERT HOOVER

“TO FORETELL THE DESTINY OF A NATION, IT IS NECESSARY TO OPEN THE BOOK

THAT TELLS OF HER PAST” – DR. JOSE RIZAL

“WHO CONTROLS THE PAST CONTROLS THE FUTURE;

WHO CONTROLS THE PRESENT CONTROLS THE PAST” – GEORGE ORWELL

“THOSE WHO DO NOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT.” –
GEORGE SANTAYANA

“OUR GREATEST GLORY IS NOT IN NEVER FALLING, BUT IN RISING EVERY TIME WE
FALL.” - CONFUCIOUS
Assessment

Interview an older person about what the Philippines was like during

their time. Ask them to share with you the important events that
happened during that period. Discuss it with the class.

Reflection

1. How does History help in writing an individual's life?

2. Why do you study History?

3. How does this subject help in your chosen career?

Assignment

1. What are the sources of History?

2. How do they help in writing History?

3. Give different kinds of primary and secondary sources.

Course Outline :
 Understanding history
 Using primary and secondary sources
 Content and contextual analysis of selected primary sources

 Historic controversies
 Social, political, economic and cultural issues in Philippine
history
 Appreciating historical and heritage sites
  
Acknowledgement / References:
 Carr, E.H. (1961). What is History?. Penquin Books Ltd.
 Cuadra, J. F. (2017, May 8–26). Mga Babasahin Hinggil sa Kasysayan ng Pilipinas.
CHED Faculty Training for the Teaching of the New General Education (GE) Core
Courses: Second Generation Training, Lyceum of the Philippines, Manila,
Philippines.
 Dile, R. et al. Philippine History and Governance. _________
 Gottschalk, L.(1969). Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method. New
York: A.A. Knopf.
 Howell, M. & Walter, P.(2001).From Reliable Sources:An Introduction to Historical
Methods.Ithaca, New York:Cornell University Press.
 Ma. Florina Orillos-Juan, Ph.D. Department of History, De la Salle University Manila