GROUP 5

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUGS

Well executed drug analysis can be used as the basis up which a

prosecutor can file a case against a suspect. In drug parse knowing
the quantity is knowing its degree of purity, while know the quality
simply means knowing the existence or the presence dangerous
drugs on the specimen. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses use
the analytical method of identifying volatile substance and dangerous
drugs.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
 PHYSICAL TEST

It describe the physical properties of a specimen by

ocular inspection, weighing, or through a microscopic
exam.
 CHEMICAL (COLOR) TEST

In the chemical test, a specific reagent is used for a

presumptive test. Color reaction is expected to occur in
order to determine the presence of a dangerous drug.
 CONFIRMATORY TEST

The are three types of confirmatory tests:

A. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
•It requires the comparison of RF (retention in time value)
between the specimen in question and the standard.
B. Spectrophotometry (UIV and IR)
• Ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UIV) offers conclusive for the
positive identification of drugs. Meanwhile, infrared
spectrophotometry (IR) can specifically identify the substance. The
pattern us unique teach compound and can be considered as being
analogous to the “ fingerprint” of the compound being examined.
C. Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry
•This test is performed by combining gas chromatography
and mass spectrometry . The sample is exposed to high-
energy electrons, causing the sample to fragment or break
a part. The fragmentation pattern serves as a ‘fingerprint’ pf
the chemical substance the has been studied.
 REPORTING
A complete laboratory report should include all the
necessary information. It should include the specimen
submitted and its description, the time and date at which the
specimen was received by the authorized personnel, data
about the suspect/s , the name of the requesting party, the
findings and conclusion.
 TESTING FOR THE PRESENCE OF DIOXY
METHAMPHETAMINE (DMA)

This test generally uses the most recent 1.5 inch of hair
growth, which provides a detection of approximately 90 days.
Drug Test via Urine Sample – This test uses a Marquis
reagent in order to obtain a positive result for users of
amphetamine and methamphetamine.
RESULT OF THE MARQUIS TEST AND HOW TO ANALYZE
THEM
 DRUG DEPENDENCY
A drug dependency test is often performed in order to
determine an appropriate treatment for a person addicted to
a particular narcotic or psychoactive drug. Drug Dependency
refers to the cluster of physiological, behavioral, and
cognitive phenomena in which the use of a drug results in a
strong desire and difficulties controlling it.
 CONDITIONS THAT MODIFY THE EFFECT AND
METABOLISM OF DRUGS
1. AGE, SEX AND PHYSICAL TOLERANCE
2. EXHAUSTION
3. HABIT AND TOLERANCE
4. IDIOSYNCRASY
5. DISEASE
6. SLEEP
 PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS

Physiology is the study of the functioning of living

things.
THREE FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DRUG PHYSIOLOGY

ABSORPTION
DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM
 ELIMINATION OF DRUGS

This refers to the method of eliminating body toxins and

others unabsorbed products of metabolism (e.G., Via the
liver) and excretion (e.G. Via the kidney, bile). The urine can
also be the main route excretion.
 DRUG TEST
THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OF A DRUG AND METABOLITES IN THE
HUMAN BODY THROUGH THE FLUIDS. OTHER SPECIMEN THAT CAN BE USED IN A DRUG TEST
INCLUDE THE FOLLOWINGS:
a. BLOOD
b. FINGERNAILS
c. HAIR
d. SALIVA
e. SWEAT
f. TISSUE
 VALIDITY TEST IN URINE SAMPLES
Performing a validity test on a urine sample helps
determine the integrity of the sample. A urine sample
considered invalid when it is improperly document,
substituted, adulterated and improperly collected,
handled.
 QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF URINE
1. Screening Test

The drug test kit (DTK) is an easy, fast, and qualitative binding
immunoassay method that produces a visual result. The DTK uses a
combination of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to selectively
identify the drugs of abuse and their metabolites.
 PRINCIPLE OF DRUG TEST USING DTK

This Drug testing is based on the principle of competitive

binding Drugs that may be present in the urine specimen
compete against the drug conjugate for binding the antibody.
During the testing, urine specimen migrates upward via capillary
action and passes through the blood stream to the test subject.
•2. Confirmatory test

•- This type of test uses GCMS as an instrument.

 CUT OF VALUES
Presumptive positive:
- the urine sample has a concentrations value that is above the cut off level

Presumptive negative:
- Below cut off level

Forms of specimen tempering

1. Dilution
2. Substitution
3. Adulteration
 PARAMETER FOR VALIDITY TEST
Initial validity test and confirmatory validity test
1. Physical characteristics, such as color, odor, etc., Can be visually determined
2. Volume – same as the physical characteristics
3. Temperature – a thermometer can be used (normal urine has a lukewarm temperature)
4. pH levels – can be determined using a pH meter
5. Specific gravity – can be determined using a refractometer
6. Nitrites – can be measured via the calorimetric mthod
7. Creatinine levels
8. Oxidizing agents
 ANALYZING THE COLOR OF THE URINE
1. White (albinuria)
• Milky white to thinly white
• May be related to diseases such as hyperoxaluria, lymphatic fistula,
chyluria, pillariasis, propofol infusion, pyuria, proteinuria, uirnary
tubercolosis, hypercalciura, phosphaturia, schistomaisis, lipiduria
2. Brown color

• Difficult to distinguish from dark red urine

• Has similar related diseases with red urine due to blood presence
• Fava beans and rhubarb produces brown urine
• Medications such as nitrofurantoin, metronidazole, acetaminophen overdose,
niridazole cause urine to turn brown
3. Orange color

• Bright yellow orange or dark yellow

• Often caused by lack of fluid intake, dehydration or urinary track infection (UTI)
4.Black color (alkaptonuria)
• Genetic disorder involving tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism
• Can be related to heart valve damage, kidney stones and
osteoarthritis
• Medications such as sorbitol, cresol, iron, methyldopa, laxative,
methocarbamolo and l-dopa cause urine to turn black
5.Black or green color
• Can be related to blue diaper syndrome or hartnup disease,
pseudomonas UTI, and herbicide ingestion.
• Medications such asamitriptyline, methylene, clorets, flupirtine,
cimetidine, zaleplon, metoclopromide, promethazine, indomethaein
and tetrahydronaphthalene cause the urine to turn unsual color
 THANK YOU AND WELCOME HIHI!
President: Spears Geralde
Secretary: Jester De Leon
Members:
Charle James Aldaya
Emerene Paican
Joann Mae Dialang
Christine Gonzaga