LIETUVOS AUKŠTOJI JŪREIVYSTĖS MOKYKLA

Studijų programa: Jūrų laivavedyba

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESALINATION PLANTS FOR

USE IN SHIP ENERGY INSTALLATIONS 2016-2022
PRESENTATION
Darbo autorius:
21-L-179 gr. Stud. Arnas Kubilius
21-L-179 gr. Stud. Justinas Levulis
Darbo vadovas:

Klaipėda, 2022
WHAT ARE DESALINATION PLANTS AND HOW DO
THEY WORK ?
• The operation of the ship consumes a lot of fresh water. The crew alone
consumes on average about 100 litres of water per person per day. The amount
of fresh water required for the voyage can be obtained from ports (from the
shore or from a special vessel), but often the water offered is of poor quality
(especially for boiler needs) and/or quite expensive.
• A minimum quantity of water is usually taken from the ports and distillate
(desalinated water) is then produced from seawater during the voyage. For this
purpose, the ship desalination equipment is installed in the ship's power plant.
• In a desalination plant, or desalination plant, the process of desalination of
seawater usually takes place distillation, i.e. evaporating seawater in a vaporiser
and then condensing the resulting steam in a condenser. The seawater is
evaporated using heating elements in the evaporator. The heating elements
circulate a heat transfer medium, which may be freshly throttled steam, electric
current, engine exhaust and cooling water.

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HOW DO THE DESALINATION
PLANTS WORK?
• The working principal of desalination plants is taking
sea water and converting it to fresh water. It is done by
the process of distillation or with the process of reverse
osmosis.
• Fresh water in ships is used by the crew for things like
maintenance works and other activities in the ship like
cooking, drinking, cleaning the cabins, decks etc.

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DISTILATION POWER PLANT
• Fresh water on board a ship is usually produced by evaporation using
distillation power plant. There are two things that are abundant on board
to make fresh water - seawater and heat.
• So fresh water is produced by evaporating seawater and using heat from
any heat source. Once evaporated, the seawater is cooled again with
seawater and the cycle repeats. The heat source is usually the water in the
main engine casing, which is used to cool the main engine components
such as the cylinder head, liner, etc. The temperature of this engine jacket
water is about 70 degrees Celsius.
• However, at this temperature the water cannot evaporate, as we all know
that water evaporates at 100 degrees Celsius at atmospheric pressure. That
is why the chamber of the water is pressurized in vacuum so that the water
boiling temperature decreases.

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 REVERSE OSMOSIS
• The RO unit is considered one of the most successful desalination methods
because the size of the system can be reduced or increased to meet a wide
range of requirements, from a domestic process to an industrial process with
a higher output.
• Osmosis is a natural process in which liquid flows through a semi-
permeable membrane. The direction and relative amounts of fluid flow are
determined by the chemical potential, which depends on pressure,
temperature and the concentration of dissolved solids.
• When two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a
membrane, the water of the less concentrated solution will, by the natural
phenomenon of osmosis, permeate the membrane and dilute the more
concentrated solution so that its concentration becomes equivalent to that of
the more concentrated solution. When water from less concentrated
solutions passes into a more concentrated solution to dilute it, the static
pressure of the more concentrated solution increases.

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 REVERSE OSMOSIS
• Equilibrium between two solutions occurs when the pressure difference is
large enough to stop the flow of a liquid through a membrane - this
pressure is called osmotic pressure. Reverse osmosis is the use of this
natural process in reverse. In order to overcome the natural osmotic
pressure and force the water to 'come out' of the concentrated solution
through the membrane, pressure is applied on the more concentrated side
of the membrane.
• Particles, bacteria and larger organic matter are blocked by molecular
filtration, but RO also involves an ion repulsion process whereby only
water passes through the semi-permeable membrane and almost all
dissolved molecules are rejected.
• The semi-permeable membrane rejects ions with many charges, such as
calcium and sulphate, by more than 99%, and ions with one charge, such
as sodium, by 90-96%. Such water cannot be called drinking water until it
has been treated with the required amount of chlorine and the pH has been
adjusted so that it does not exceed a pH value of 7,8, and is therefore
called 'permeate'. 6
VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k56ffiNJ8M