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Govt. P.G. College , New Tehri

2021-2022

HEMATOPIOSIS, B-T
LYMPHOCYTES FORMATION,
DENDRITIC CELLS
Gaurishankar bijalwan
M.Sc. 2nd semester

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 Hematopiosis
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 In the bone marrow , the mother cells called

Pluripotent stem cells transform in to a stem cell,
which ultimately transform in to various
components of the immune system.

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 Hematopiosis
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 Specific (Acquired) immune cells
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 There are two types specific cells.

 A. B- Lymphocytes
 B. T- Lymphocytes

 Famous experiment on the chicken:-

 It shows that one set of lymphocytes for its
maturation is dependent on an intact thymus gland
called T- lymphocytes.

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 •In another set for its maturation is dependent on
intact bursa in a bird called B- lymphocytes.

•In thymus gland , T- lymphocyes under the

control of a humoral factor called thymosin.

•In humans , T-L is dependent on the intact

thymus gland , While B-L is dependent on bone
marrow & payer patches of GIT.

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 Development of B-L & T-L
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 B-L & T-L develop from the stem cells in the bone
marrow. These cells are matured in the thymus
gland & the bone marrow.

 The stem cells in the mother cells for the formation

of B-L and the T-L.

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 T- lymphocytes give cell mediated immunity &
this will be effective against.

1. Viruses
2. Fungi
3. Rejection of the foreign tissue

B- lymphocytes are associated with humoral

immunity .

4. Viral infection
5. Bacterial infection.
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 Distribution of B & T lymphocytes
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B lymphocytes T- lymphocytes
1. Bone marrow 90% 10%
 Thymus 0% 100%
 Blood 20% 80%
 Spleen 55% 45%
 Lymph nodes 40 60%

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 B- lymphocytes
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 Bone marrow derived or called B – lymphocytes.

 B- lymphocytes are called the precursors of the
immunoglobin producing cells , plasma cells &
identified by immunoglobulin over their surface.
 B- lymphocytes are 10-20% in the blood.
 B- lymphocytes are also present in the bone marrow ,
peripheral lymphoid tissue , tonsils lymph nodes &
Spleen. Also present in the non lymphoid tissue like
gastro intestinal tract mucosa.
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 B- lymphocytes development takes place in three
phases.
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 1. in the bone marrow from stem cells.

 From bone marrow in the lymphocytes & spleen.
 In the lymph nodes in the germinal centres.
 The majority of the B- lymphocytes have Ig-M &
IgD on their surface.
 Life span:- it is 5-7 days , & B- lymphocytes have
both live several years.

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 Names at various stage development of B-
lymphocytes
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 1. bone marrow stem cells.

 Pro B-L
 Pre B-L with the receptor on the surface.
 B-L with the antibody on the surface.
 B-L develops in to plsama cells.

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 Names of various stage development
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 Granulocytic cells
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 Granulocytes
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 Granulocytes — the most common type of white

blood cell — have small granules that release
enzymes when your immune system is under
attack. This occurs during an infection, allergic
reaction or asthma episode.
 Granulocytes are produced from stem cells in your
bone marrow and only live for a few days.

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 Granulocytes & types
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 Neutrophils: The most common type of

granulocyte, neutrophils attack bacteria. Each
neutrophil cell can consume up to 20 bacteria in its
lifetime.

 Eosinophils: These granulocytes are present in

almost all immune responses, most notably
allergies. However, they also fight off parasites.

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 Granulocytes & types
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 Basophils: These granulocytes primarily combat

allergic reactions. They release histamine (which
escorts allergens out of your body) and the blood
thinner heparin (which prevents clotting)

 About 50% to 70% of all the white blood cells in

your body should be neutrophils , Eosinophils
should account for 1% to 3%, and basophils
should make up approximately 0.4% to 1%.

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 Dendritic cell
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 Dendritic cells antigen presenting cells of the

mammalian immune system.
 Their main function is to process antigen material &
present it on the cell surface to the T- cells of the
immune system.
 They acts as messenger b/w the innnate &
adaptative immune system.
 Dendritic cells are present in those tissue that are in
contact the external enviorment , such as langerhens
cells & the inner linning of the nose , lungs ,
stomach, & intestine. 09/12/2022
 Dendritic cells & types
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 Dendritic cells were first described by paul

langerhens in the late nineteenth century.
 Types:- 1. Conventional dendritic cell:- similar to
monocytes , made up of two subunit.

 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

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 Thank you

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