UNIT 3

DEALING WITH
NUMBERS

By: Anita Rose

CARDINAl numbers
 A Cardinal Number : a number that says how
many of something there are, such as: one,
two, three, four, five.
 A Cardinal Number answers the question

"How Many?"
 Example:

There are five coins

Ordinal numbers
 An Ordinal Number: a number that tells the
position of something in a list.
 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and so on
 Example:

In this picture the girl is 2nd

And the two pups are 3rd and 4th.
 Example With Everything

 In this photo there are 6 cars. Car Number "99"

(with the yellow roof) is in 1st position:
 6 is a Cardinal Number (it tells how many)
 1st is an Ordinal Number (it tells position)
 "99" is a Nominal Number (it is basically just a

name for the car)

Expressing Numbers in English
 If a number is in the range 21 to 99, and the second
digit is not zero, we should write the number as two
words separated by a “hyphen”:
25   twenty-five
57   fifty-seven
89   eighty-nine 
 Numbers over 100 are generally written in figures.
However if you want to say them aloud or want to write
them in words rather than figures you put 'and' in front
of the number expressed by the last two figures. For
example:
203      two hundred and three   (British)
   (America: two hundred three)
622      six hundred and twenty-two    (British)
(America: six hundred twenty-two)
 Numbers between 1000 and 1,000,000 is usually said or
written in words as:

1,803    one thousand, eight hundred and three            

(AmE: one thousand, eight hundred three)

1,963    one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-

three    
(AmE: one thousand, nine hundred sixty-three)

2,840    two thousand, eight hundred and forty            

(AmE: two thousand, eight hundred forty)
 If the number 1963 is being used to identify something, it is
said as "one nine six three".

 We always say each figure separately like this with telephone

numbers. If a telephone number contains a double number,
we use the word "double":
561 6603    five six one [pause] double six 'oh' three  
(AmE: five six one [pause] six six 'oh'
three)

 Saying years. We normally say a year in two parts. In the case

of years ending in "00", we say the second part in "hundred":
1058   ten fifty-eight
1706   seventeen hundred and six (or 'seventeen oh
six')
1865   eighteen sixty-five
1900   nineteen hundred
 There are two ways of saying years ending in "01" to
"09" before 2000.

For example:
 "1901" can be said as "nineteen oh one" or "nineteen

hundred and one".

 The year 2000 is read "two thousand",

 2006 "two thousand and six" (AmE: two thousand six).

 Post-2010 dates are often said as normal (2010 would

be "twenty ten").
 Flight numbers. We pronounce a flight number in two
parts or digit-by-digit. For example:
110      one ten (or 'one one oh')
1248    twelve forty-eight
2503    twenty-five oh three
3050    three oh five oh (or 'three zero five zero',
'thirty fifty')

 Expressing millions.
1,412,605        one million four hundred (and) twelve
thousand six hundred (and) five
2,760,300        two million seven hundred (and)
sixty thousand three hundred
 SPELLING NUMBERS
 1 ONE
 2 TWO
 3 THREE
 4 FOUR
 5 FIVE
 6 SIX
 7 SEVEN
 8 EIGHT
 9 NINE
 0 OH
 First
 Second
 Third
 Fourth
 Fifth
 Sixth
 Seventh
 Eighth
 Ninth
 Tenth
 Eleventh
 Twelfth
 DATE
British: American:
day-month-year month-day-year
the Fourteenth of March the
A
March, 2016 Fourteenth, 2016
B 14th March 2016 March 14th, 2016
C 14 March 2016 March 14, 2016
D 14/3/2016 3/14/2016
E 14/3/16 3/14/16
F 14/03/16 03/14/16
 MONTHS
number name abbreviations
1 January Jan J
2 February Feb F
3 March Mar M
4 April Apr A
5 May May M
6 June Jun J
7 July Jul J
8 August Aug A
9 September Sep S
10 October Oct O
Time
 Explanation
There are two common ways of telling the
time.
 Formal but easier way

Say the hours first and then the minutes.

Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five
For minutes 01 through 09, you can
pronounce the '0' as oh.
Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six
More popular way
 Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past

and the preceding hour for minutes 01 through

30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for minutes
31 through 59, but .
 Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven

 Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight

 Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past'

is: a quarter past

 Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to'

is: a quarter to
 Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past'

is: half past

 Example: 5:30 - half past five
 Past tense of ‘to be’
 I/ He/ She/ It + was + Adjective/ Adverb/ Verb-ing
 You/ They/ We + were + Adjective/ Adver/ Verb-ing

Examples:
 It was/wasn’t my school (Noun/ kata benda)
 I was/ wasn’t happy with the product (adjective/
kata sifat)
- We were/weren’t at the office (adverb/ kata
keterangan)
- He was/wasn’t answering the phone (Continuous
tense:...sedang menjawab...)
LET’S PRACTICE !
 FHWKYIQALPUJODEGZVT
 65800 92416 78267 76550

 GPOTYASEWVIZUMEVKJD
 42098 85573 29953 10407

 DQOPRTWUKAGKICJVXALZ
 98330 87001 25768 23068
Cultural Awareness – “TIME”
 Time is money.
 Punctuality is the soul of business.
 Punctuality is politeness, one of respect.
 English speakers plan their activities carefully

in advance, so they also expect appointments

to be kept.
 Therefore, a last minute cancellation is

“unthinkable”.

 In other cultures: time is flexible.

 References:
English for Secretaries and Administrative
Personnel by Marisa Toselli and Ana Maria
Millan, and other sources.