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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
Doctor of Dental Surgery
Dental Public Health (DDS 5: 2212)
By: Dr. Vijayamanohar K (Vijayamanohar@mahsa.edu.my)
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

ORAL HEALTH SERVICES IN MALAYSIA

Dr.K.Vijayamanohar
Dental Faculty
Mahsa University
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

SCOPE OF THE LECTURE

• Functions of a Dental technician

• Acquaint with the different organizations for employment

• Principles or standards for Dental technician

• Four handed dentistry

• Infection control

• HIMS in dentistry
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Comprehend the areas of employment of Dental technician as

member of Dental Team

• Comprehend the functions and responsibilities of a D.T

• Comprehend the importance of attitudes of staff towards work ethics

in a Dental Clinic
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Vision for Health Malaysia

“By the year 2020, Malaysia is to be a nation of healthy

individuals, families and communities, through a health system
that is equitable, affordable, efficient, technologically-appropriate,
environmentally-adaptable and consumer-friendly, with emphasis
on quality, innovation, health promotion and respect for human
dignity and which promotes individual responsibility and
community participation towards an enhanced quality of life.”
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

DEFINITION

Dental laboratory technician-

Dental technology combines the art and science of the dental world. The

dental technician is often the unseen creator of complex devices used to

restore color, form and function of the oral cavity and surrounding facial

areas. As a student you will learn to work collaboratively, via laboratory

prescriptions, with dentists, specialists or prosthetists (denturists, clinical

dental technicians) to fabricate oral prosthesis and appliances.

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

• Dental technician greatly increase the efficiency of the dentist in

the delivery of quality oral health care

• Are valuable members of the dental care team.

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

• DENTAL Bill 2017

An Act to provide for the establishment of the Malaysian

Dental Council and the Malaysian Dental Therapists Board, to
provide for the registration of dental surgeon and dental
therapist, to regulate the practice of dentistry and for related
matters.

• Allied Health Professions Act 2016

• PRIVATE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES AND SERVICES ACT 1998

• Fees (Medical) Order, 1982 - P. U. (A) 359/82

• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

ORAL HEALTH SERVICES

• Primary Oral HealthCare

- Toddler Programme
- Pre-School Service
- School Dental Service
- Antenatal Service
- Service for The Elderly
- Outpatient Service
- Service for Children With Special Needs

• Community Oral Healthcare

- Fluoridation
- Fissure Sealant
- Oral Cancer
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Toddler Programme

 For children four years and below

 They are accompanied by their parents or legal guardians
 Main aim is to incalculate good oral health from a young age.
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Pre-school services

 Dental therapist introduces non-invasive dental treatment

to children by promotional and preventive activities.
 These activities like proper tooth brushing, Puppet show
and role play
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Primary & secondary school services

 Treatment is incremental care which is systemic and complete.

 Mobile equipment is used to give oral health care by mobile
dental teams and also school dental clinics.
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Dental services for special needs children

 The main objective is to improve the oral health of these

children.
 The guardians are also taught how to look after the oral
health of these children.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Senior citizens dental services

 This programme is for senior citizens to improve their oral health

and quality of life.
 Old folks home are visited for treatment and talks of how to look
after their health.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

• Specialist’s services

- Oral Surgery
- Paedodontic
- Orthodontic
- Periodontic
- Conservative
- Oral pathology & Oral medicine
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Career Opportunities

1) Ministry Of Health
 Main Dental Clinic

 Dental Clinic in a Health Centre

 School Dental Clinic

 Mobile Dental Team

 Mobile Dental Clinic

 Pre-school Mobile Dental Team

 Dental Specialist Clinic

 Other Facilities eg Prison, Palace, Police training Centre

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

This is a clinic manned by dental officers, dental nurses and other personnel. All main dental clinics
provide outpatient care. Some main clinics in state capitals provide specialist care in orthodontics and
periodontology.

Dental Clinic in a Health Centre

This dental clinic forms part of a health clinic complex. Oral healthcare services are provided as part
of the integrated outpatient health services, which also include medical and family health services.
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School Dental Clinic
LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

These facilities are located in selected primary and secondary government

schools. Oral healthcare services are provided to the school children by
dental nurses, under the supervision of dental officers.

Mobile Dental Team

The mobile dental team delivers oral healthcare services to school

children, even to those in remote areas of the country. The team
provides services using portable equipment.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Mobile Dental Clinic

The mobile dental clinic is a “dental clinic on wheels”. It is

used in schools where space is limited and for community
projects.

Pre-school Mobile Dental Team

Pre-school mobile teams carry out oral health promotion and preventive activities
in pre-school classes and kindergartens. Children who require treatment are either
treated in the schools or referred to the nearest dental clinic.
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  LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Dental Specialist Clinic

These dental specialities are either hospital- or community-based. The oral surgeon
provides specialist care in the oral and facial area. The paediatric dental specialist
provides specialist care for children. Orthodontic, Periodontic and Restorative
dental specialist services are mostly located at main dental clinics. These specialists
except the Paediatric dental specialists treat patients from various age groups.

Other Facilities

Dental clinics are also located in other establishments such as the Police
Training Centre, prisons and educational institutions.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS

1. The Malaysian Dental Association (MDA)

2. The Malaysian Private Dental Practitioners’ Society
(MPDPS)
3. Other professional organisations like Malaysian Endodontic
Society, the Malaysian Orthodontic Association, the Malaysian
Society of Periodontology and the Malaysian Association of
Oral Maxillofacial Surgeons (MAOMS).
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Career Opportunities - cont

2) Ministry Of Defence

3) Universities

4) Private Dental Practice

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Standards for the Dental Technicians

1 Put patients’ interests first;

2 Prepare first class output of work;

3 Carry out your responsibilities regarding P.P.M, repairs and purchasing diligently

4 Maintain and protect patients’ information;

5 Work with colleagues in a way that serves the interests of patients;

7 Maintain, develop and work within their knowledge and skills;

8 Always strive to upgrade your skills and knowledge

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Infection Control In Dental Clinic

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Why Is Infection Control Important in Dentistry?

• Both patients and dental health care personnel can be exposed to

pathogens

• Contact with blood, oral and respiratory secretions, and

contaminated equipment occurs

• Proper procedures can prevent transmission of infections among

patients and DHCP
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Elements of Standard Precautions

1. Hand Hygiene.

2. Use of gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns-PPE.

3. Aseptic techniques.

4. Environmental surfaces.

5. Waste management.

6. Injury prevention.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Sterilization of equipment.
• Critical Instruments:

 Penetrate mucous membranes or contact bone, the bloodstream, or other

normally sterile tissues (of the mouth)

 Heat sterilize between uses or use sterile single-use, disposable devices

 Examples include surgical instruments, scalpel blades, periodontal scalers, and

surgical dental burs
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

• Semi-critical Instruments:

o Contact mucous membranes but do not penetrate soft tissue

o Heat sterilize or high-level disinfect

o Examples: Dental mouth mirrors, amalgam condensers, and dental

handpieces

• Noncritical Instruments and Devices:

o Contact intact skin

o Clean and disinfect using a low to intermediate level disinfectant

o Examples: X-ray heads, face bows, pulse oximeter, blood pressure

cuff
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Occupational Risks
•Infected saliva or
Direct contact blood

• From microbial
Airborne laden aerosols
infection

• During lab
spatter procedures

•When using knives and

other sharp items
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Infection control precautions

• Prevention of cross contamination should always
be a prime consideration in the dental lab.
•Appropiate personal protective
equipment

•Frequent hand hygiene

• Organization of dental lab into

separate receiving , production &
shipping areas.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

DENTAL LAB PROCEDURES

INCOMING OUTGOING
ITEMS ITEMS
Rinse to Clean and
remove blood disinfect
& saliva

Rinse, dilute
Disinfect with
mouthwash

Again rinse to Place in

remove plastic bag
disinfectant

Add the Label the

annotate form plastic bag
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Personnel Health Elements of an Infection Control Program

1. Education and training

2. Immunizations

3. Exposure prevention and postexposure management

4. Medical condition management and work-related illnesses and

restrictions

5. Preventing Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens

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Dental Laboratory

• Dental prostheses, appliances, and items used in their making are

potential sources of contamination

• Handle in a manner that protects patients and DHCP from exposure to

microorganisms
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Dental Laboratory

• Clean and disinfect prostheses and impressions

• Wear appropriate PPE until disinfection has been
completed
• Clean and heat sterilize heat-tolerant items used in the
mouth
• Communicate specific information about disinfection
procedures
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

X-Ray

• Requirement under Health Care facilities act are:

• X-ray room should have required size & protection (walls & door)

• Certificate of fitness from atomic energy dept. for x-ray

• Yearly calibration report

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Compressor

•The compressor needs to be:

•Powerful in performing the desired pressure with either low speed or

high speed hand pieces.

•Quite & friendly without much noises

•Time of regular check ups is important for the air and oil

• Must obtain C.F- Combination of JKKP + Vendor

• Yearly PPM service with vendor +JKKP e.g piston,filter monitoring

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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Autoclave

• An essential item in the dental clinic, may assure the quality of standards the
dentist aiming at.

• Vacuum based autoclaves are the trend but are expensive

• It should be big enough to accommodate clinic's items.

• Certificate of fitness from JKKP for new (hydraulic test)

• Calibration & service every year (vendor +JKKP)

• Biological spore test , Bovidick test for vacuum , Helix test for hollow
instruments. (vacuum)
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Hazards to the dental team

•Mercury
•Posture problem

•Electrical
•Injuries from instruments and sharps
•X-rays
•Infection- hepatitis B
•Inhalation of aerosols
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

Planning the Future : The National Oral Health Plan

 
The government aspires to achieve a developed nation status by 2020. It is
from Vision 2020 that the Oral Health Division has taken the lead to
formulate a National Oral Health Plan (NOHP). The NOHP documents oral
health goals and strategies. Goals are defined for four key oral conditions;
dental caries, periodontal conditions, oral malignancies and dental injuries.
The Plan also outlines strategies to ensure that all stakeholders will play
their respective roles towards improving oral health and the quality of life of
Malaysians.
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LESSON 2: Oral Health Services in Malaysia

THANK YOU