Heating, Ventilation, and Air

Conditioning (HVAC), Systems

(MEE-426)

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 Credit Hours

Credit Hours: 2 (2,0) (Class/Theory)

Recommended Books

 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning: Analysis and Design, 6th Edition by Faye C. McQuiston,
Jerald D. Parker, Jeffrey D. Spitler, Published by John Wiley & Sons, 2005, ISBN 0471661325, 9780471661320

 Heating and Cooling of Buildings, design for efficiency: 2nd Edition by Jan F. Kreider, Peter Curtiss, Ari
Rabl, Published by McGraw-Hill, 2002 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 5 Dec 2007, ISBN
0072373415, 9780072373417

 HVAC Systems Design Handbook, 4th Edition by Roger W. Haines, C. Lewis Wilson Contributor C. Lewis
Wilson Published by McGraw-Hill, 2003 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 22 Dec 2007, ISBN
0071395865, 9780071395861

 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Stoecker and Johns, second edition

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 Course Objectives

1. To familiarize the students with fundamentals of heating,

ventilation and air conditioning domestic and commercial
buildings.

2. To teach building load calculations procedures, and methods

of reducing these loads.

3. To teach the design of air conditioning and air ventilation

systems design, and usage of commercial software.

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 Course Contents

Wet air properties, Human comfort, comfort zone.

Air conditioning process and load lines, psychrometric

chart.

Single package and split air conditioners, fan coil units,

Components of commercial air conditioning plant. Chilled
and hot water recirculation, air handling units. Cooling
towers, plant control systems.

Heating loads calculations. Cooling load calculations,

Methods of reducing building loads.

Ducting and piping system design, Air ventilation system

design.
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 Lecture wise course plan

• In next lecture ...

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Wet Air Properties

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Wet air properties

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Dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) and Wet-bulb
temperature (Twb)

The dry-bulb temperature (DBT) is the temperature of air

measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but
shielded from radiation and moisture. DBT is the temperature
that is usually thought of as air temperature, and it is the true
thermodynamic temperature. As a matter of fact, it indicates
the amount of heat in the air and it is directly proportional to
the mean kinetic energy of the air molecules.

Wet-bulb temperature is the temperature indicated by a

moistened thermometer bulb exposed to the air flow. Wet-
bulb temperature can be measured by using a thermometer
with the bulb wrapped in wet muslin. At 100%
relative humidity, the wet-bulb temperature equals the dry-
bulb temperature.
 Dew-point Temperature (Tdp)

The Dew Point is the temperature at which water vapor

starts to condense out of the air (the temperature at which
air becomes completely saturated). Above this temperature
the moisture will stay in the air.

■ If the dew-point temperature is close to the dry air

temperature -  the relative humidity is high

■ If the dew point is well below the dry air temperature -

the relative humidity is low
Relative Humidity (RH) and Humidity Ratio

Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water in air

that air can hold at a certain temperature. It is "relative" with
respect to the amount of water that air, at that same
temperature, can hold at 100 percent humidity, or saturation.

Humidity ratio of moist air is the weight of the water contained

in the air per unit of dry air. This is often expressed as pounds of
moisture per pound of dry air. Since the humidity ratio of moist
air is not dependent on temperature, as is relative humidity, it is
easier to use in calculations.
 Enthalpy

Enthalpy is the heat energy content of moist air. It is

expressed in Btu per pound of dry air and represents the
heat energy due to temperature and moisture in the air.
Enthalpy is useful in air heating and cooling applications.
Ideal gas law and Humidity ratio
Absolute Humidity/Humidity ratio
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Factors affecting Comfort Zone

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ET=Effective Temperature, Combination of Dry bulb and wet bulb
OP=Operating 21
Example uses of the Psychrometric chart

Finding relative humidity

Question: Given the ambient temperature is 70°F measured by a

dry bulb thermometer and 60°F measured by a wet bulb
thermometer, what is the relative humidity?
Answer: Look at horizontal axis to find 70°F. Move a pencil up
this line to meet the intersection with the diagonal line for 60°F.
Identify that this point falls just over half way between the lines
of relative humidly for 50% and 60%. The answer is 56% relative
humidity.
Question: Is this point an acceptable temperature and humidity
for personal comfort all year for people in the USA?
Answer: No. this point falls into the “winter comfort zone” but
not the “summer comfort zone.”
Thank You

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