Session 3

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Session objectives (1)

Identify operators
Assignment Arithmetic Compound Assignment Relational Logical Bitwise

Understand precedence and evaluation of operators

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Session objectives (2)

Discuss mixed mode expressions and implicit type conversions Understand type casting and type compatibility Identify C++ shorthand operators
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Introduction
Operators are:
Are a set of characters

 Have specific meaning particular to a language  Do not include special characters ; : ,

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Operands

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (1) Require two operands

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (2)

Adds the values of operands

result =

The addition operator

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (3)

Subtracts the second operand from first

answer =

The subtraction operator

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (4)

Multiplies the operands

ans =

The multiplication operator

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (5)

Divides the first operand by the second

result =

The division operator

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (6)

Store the remainder after integer division

answer =

The modulus operator

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Binary Arithmetic Operators (7)

void main(void) { :

cout << endl ;

f_dist = f_speed * f_time ;

Multiplication operator

cout<<"The distance covered by the vehicle = " ; cout<< f_dist ; cout << endl ; }

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Unary arithmetic operators (1) Require one operand

Negation operator Decrement operator Increment operator

int x; int x= -3 puls - - OR - - puls stnd ++ OR ++stnd

-++

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Unary arithmetic operators (2)

#include <iostream.h> void main(void) { int value ; value = 1 ; cout cout cout cout cout cout cout cout << << << << << << << << "THE INCREMENT OPERATOR" << endl ; "Value of value: " << value << endl ; "Pre-fix increment operator (++value): " << ++value ; endl ; "Value of value: " << value << endl ; "Post-fix increment operator (value++): " << value++ ; endl ; "Value of value: " << value << endl ;

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Unary arithmetic operators (3)

cout << "\n\nTHE DECREMENT OPERATOR" << endl ; cout << "Value of value: " << value << endl ; cout << "Pre-fix decrement operator (--value): " << --value ; cout << endl ; cout << "Value of value: " << value << endl ; cout << "Post-fix decrement operator (value--): " << value-- ; cout << endl ; cout << "Value of value: " << value << endl ; }

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Assignment operator

Assignment operator

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Multiple assignment
int var_1, var_1 = 70 var_2 = 70 var_3 = 70 var_2, var_3 ; ; ; ;

var_1 = var_2 = var_3 = 70 ; int var_1 = int var_2 = int var_3 ;

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Relational operators (1)

- Comparative action on data - test relationship bet een variables

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Relational operators (2)

== > < != >= <= Equal to Greater than Less than Not equal to Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to

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Relational operators (3)

Equal to b == 3 b== c Greater than b>3 b>c Less than b<3 b<c Less than Equal to b <= 3 b <= c Greater than Equal to b >= 3 b>= c Not equal to b!= 3 b!= c
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Logical operators (1)

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Logical operators (2)

qual == 12 && age == 18

qual == 10 || age == 18

( ! ( age >= 18) )

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Precedence and Order of Evaluation

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Mixed mode Expressions & Implicit Type conversion

X = 5 * 6.7 ;
intege r float

No error
Integer converted to double automatically
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Conversion table

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Type conversion (1)

Integer values

Floating point variables

Value is not changed

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Type conversion (2)

Integer values

Floating point variables

Value is changed
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Adding integers to characters

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Type casting (1) Often leads to

Use explicit type conversions in mixed mode expressions

float a ; (int) a ;
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Type casting (2) float a=10.0, b= 3.0, c; c= a / b; Ans= 3.333333

c = (int) a / (int) b OR c = (int) (a / b)

Ans= 3
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C++ Shorthand Operators (1)

Help in reducing the code required in programming constructs

test_val = test_val + 5; test_val += 5;

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C++ Shorthand Operators (2)

Every shorthand operator consists of An arithmetic operator

+, -, /, *, %

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C++ Shorthand Operators (3)

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