JOHN LOCK[1632-1704]

PRESENTATION BY DR RUTUJA HOLKAR

INTRODUCTION
FATHER OF LIBERALISM

BOOK”TWO TREATIES OF GOVERNMENT”

HIS WRITING SUPPORTS-EQUALITY,LIBERTY,INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS,HUMAN RIGHTS,POPULAR SOVERIGNTY,THE CONSENT OF

MAJORITY,DIVISION OF POWER,THE RIGHT TO REBELLION,LIMITED AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT,PROBLEMS INHERITENT
DUE TO ABSOLUTE MONARCHY.

HE SUPPORTED GLOURIOUS REVOLUTIONOF 1688[ENGLAND]

KEY IDEAS-SOCIAL COONTRACT,DEVELOPMENT LIBERALISM

INFLUENCES

ANTI ROYALIST
UPBRINGING

ROBERT FILMER POLITICAL EXPERIENCE

WHIGS SCHOOL
LOCKS’S SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY
PERCEPTION OF HUMAN NATURE:

BELIEF IN GOODNESS

ALL ARE BORN EQUAL AND FREE

DESIRE IS THE MAIN SPRING OF ALL HUMAN ACTS

RATIONALITY
LOCK’S PERCEPTION ABOUT HUMAN
NATURE
PRE-STATE STAGE
NATURAL LAW
PEACE AND GOODWILL
NATURAL RIGHTS
CIVIL SOCIETY
INCONVENIENCES IN THE STATE OF NATURE
LOCK’S VIEWS ON CONTRACT

CONTRACTS
PURPOSE OF TWO NO ABSOLUTE UNANIMOUS IRREVOCABLE
WAS SPECIFIC
THE CONTRACT CONTRACTS SOVEREIGN CONTRACT CONTRACT
NOT GENERAL
LOCKS’S VIEWS ABOUT STATE
SOVEREIGNTY AND GOVERNMENT
STATE IS SUPERIOR TO THE GOVERNMENT
RIGHT TO DISSOLUTIONOF THE GOVRNMENT
EMPHASIS ON POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
LIMITED GOVERNMENT
MAJORITY RULE
CONSTITUTIONAL STATE
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
CONTINU…

SEPARATIONS OF POWER

STATE IS A REPUPLIC WITH

CONSTITUTION

POLITICAL POWER
LOCK’S THEORY OF NATURAL RIGHTS

THEY WERE PRE-

EVERY INDIVIDUAL THESE RIGHTS ARE POLITICAL AND
GET NATURAL THE GIFT OF COULD BE
1ST CATEGORY:
RIGHTS AS SOON AS NATURE TO HUMAN ASSERTED
HE/SHE BORN. BEINGS. ANYWHERE AND
EVERYWHERE.
LOCK’S THEORY OF NATURAL RIGHTS
RIGHTS ARE BESTOWED UPON US BY GOD SIMPLY BECAUSE WE ARE HUMAN.

THESE RIGHTS ARE INNATE,INALENABLE AND INVIOLABLE.

THEY DO NOT REQUIRE ANY JUSTIFICATION.

THEY CAN NEITHER BE TAKEN AWAY BY ANY INDIVIDUAL OR THE STATE.

RIGHT TO LIFE,LIBERTY,EQUALITY,PROPERY AND PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS ARE THE NATURAL RIGHTS OF EACH PERSON.

NONE HAD THE RIGHT TO HARM ANOTHER IN HIS LIFE,HEALTH,LIBERTY AND POSSESSIONS.

RIGHT TO PROPERTY WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT NATURAL RIGHT OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL.