Practical Research I

By STEM GROUP

"THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS  ON SCSI. S.Y. 2021-2022" 

Prepared By: 

Roche, Jerich Lenard Perez, John Art 

Donato, Brendnathalee Nicolle Castro, Christian Kurt 

Navarro, Wilmer John  Uson, Nathaniel

Rapadas, Ralph Aquino, Alliyah Mae

 CHAPTER I
PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Social Media has been dramatic development in the past decade. Twitter and Facebook have grown a

lot quick teller made a base of millions of users. If the technology continued to expand in this manner,

then more and more people will be willing to grasp its advantages in later years. However, there is also

downside to technology. Social Media impacts the society in the adverse way too. But consciously or

unconsciously, it can have negative influence or users. In this research we are going to find out the

Positive and Negative impact of Social Media.

 BACKGROUND

Social media has more adverse effects than positive ones (Woods and Scott, 2016). Since students tend to spend more time on

social media other than educational purposes; this tends to cause distraction from the learning environment, affecting their

academic progress (Bekalu et al., 2019, Hettiarachchi, 2014). Further, spending a lot of time on social networking sites can lead to

a sedentary lifestyle and a decrease in daily physical activity levels, which in turn can render them vulnerable to

noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension (Melkevik et al., 2015, Zou et al., 2019, Hu et al.,

2001). Additionally, social media use has negative effects on mental health and can lead to depression and anxiety. Therefore,

because of the growing numbers of such sites and high demand for social media among university students, it is important to

examine the purposes for which social networking sites are used. During the last several years, the use of social media has

increased dramatically. It is not only being used by the working people but also there is heavy increase in the use of social media

by the students or education society (Raut and Patil, 2016). Social media use is rapidly growing among adolescents, studies cite

that the rates of “constant use” doubled from 2015 to 2018 (Anderson & Jiang, 2018; Lenhart, 2015). Social media use can have a

serious negative impact on areas of well-being including feelings of depression, anxiety, fear of missing out, body image, bullying

and sleep.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This direct to determine the positive and negative Effects of the social media among Senior high school Students On
SCSI S.Y. 2021-2022 

Specifically, this topic desired to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1. AGE:

1.2. GENDER:

1.3. STRANDS:
 
2. How Do social media affect the student’s academic performance? 

3. Is there any difference in academic performance in particular course between students who use social media and those
who don’t? 
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The DOH (Department Of Health) stated that in the Philippines, with 105 million citizens, there are 61 million active Internet users, with a penetration rate of 58%. The

majority of those who use the internet are also active social media users. In 2017, a total of 59 million Filipinos used social media and social networking sites, with a

56% penetration rate. With the rise of low-cost smartphones in the country, more than half (52%) of those active users of social media access their accounts through

their mobile phones. This is expected to increase over time. Filipinos spend an average of 8.59 hours daily on the Internet, 4.7 hours of it on social networking sites. It

has been emphasized that social media is considered to be an indispensable tool for virtual social relations and virtual communication among adolescents. (Hawi &

Samaha, 2017; Koc & Gulyagci, 2013; Sriwilai & Charoensukmongkol, 2016.) Therefore, this study aims to identify the positive and negative effects of social media on

senior high school students.  

In addition, social media is known to play an essential role in collaboration, community building, participation, and sharing. One vital aspect of social media is that it

uses mobile and web-based technologies to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals and communities share, discuss, and modify user-generated

content (Jan and Hermkens 2011). Researchers want to provide more information to the public.

The conceptual framework of the study uses input-process-output (IPO) model. whereas the input of the study includes what’s the profile of the participants. In the

process, the researchers conduct a data gathering through survey/questionnaires using google forms due to the pandemic, The researcher expects to know the

outcome of study, which is the effect of social media on students and other people who may be influenced.
 INPUT PROCCESS OUTPUT

Analysis of data through;  Find out more information

1. Profile of respondents;
about the impact of social
a. Surveys/Questionnaires
a. Age
media. It is believed that
b. Observations
b. Strands information and
understanding will be
c. Sex
included in journal articles,
so benefiting the public.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research will look at how social media affects students in both positive and negative ways. As COVID-19 hits the nation, so too does

social media, which has become more innovative and plays an important part of students' social lives. Where it is now considered a learning

platform, it gives the student an opportunity to connect, get in touch, and access information, be it current socio-economic issues,

entertainment, or even research. With the massive use and advent of new technology, the world has merely become a small place. Social

media is also being used by schools to provide information regarding class discussion and lesson

Another major impact of social media is that it promotes student academic performance and increases knowledge through data and

information gathering. Through projects and other various schools’ activities, through browsing the internet and use of social media, make the

activities for students to find solutions or answers to their homework. However, alongside with this positive effect, social media platforms are

significant and leading causes of distraction and hindrance, which cause students to lose focus on their studies. Too much use of social media

may lead to serious illness. This is because on these social media platforms, users are prone to cyberbullying, which is very rampant

nowadays.

 • The purpose of the study is on the positive and negative impact of social media to Senior High Student, of Saint Columban Schools, 

• The subjects of the study are Senior High Student of Saint Columban School, Inc.

• This study is limited to Senior High Students of Saint Columban School, attending school year 2021-2022. 

• The study begins upon the onset of school year and ended on mid-term.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Social media comprises communication websites that facilitate relationship forming between users from diverse backgrounds,

resulting in a rich social structure. User generated content encourages inquiry and decision-making. Given the relevance of social

media to various stakeholders, it has received significant attention from researchers of various fields, including information

systems. There exists no comprehensive review that integrates and synthesizes the findings of literature on social media. Most

papers reviewed here examine the behavioral side of social media, investigate the aspect of reviews and recommendations, and

study its integration for organizational purposes. Furthermore, many studies have investigated the viability of online

communities/social media as a marketing medium, while others have explored various aspects of social media, including the risks

associated with its use, the value that it creates, and the negative stigma attached to it within workplaces. The use of social media

for information sharing during critical events as well as for seeking and/or rendering help has also been investigated in prior

research. Other contexts include political and public administration, and the comparison between traditional and social media.

Students, it provides information on how the project or research contributed to the present generation and how to expand its

related literature.

Future researchers, this study will also serve as their cross-reference that will give them a background or an overview of the

predictors.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Social media comprises communication websites that facilitate relationship forming between users from diverse backgrounds,

resulting in a rich social structure. User generated content encourages inquiry and decision-making. Given the relevance of social

media to various stakeholders, it has received significant attention from researchers of various fields, including information

systems. There exists no comprehensive review that integrates and synthesizes the findings of literature on social media. Most

papers reviewed here examine the behavioral side of social media, investigate the aspect of reviews and recommendations, and

study its integration for organizational purposes. Furthermore, many studies have investigated the viability of online

communities/social media as a marketing medium, while others have explored various aspects of social media, including the risks

associated with its use, the value that it creates, and the negative stigma attached to it within workplaces. The use of social media

for information sharing during critical events as well as for seeking and/or rendering help has also been investigated in prior

research. Other contexts include political and public administration, and the comparison between traditional and social media.

Students, it provides information on how the project or research contributed to the present generation and how to expand its

related literature.

Future researchers, this study will also serve as their cross-reference that will give them a background or an overview of the

predictors.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Social Media - They are forms of electronic communication which facilitate interactive base on certain interests.
Students - Someone who is very interested in a particular subject.
Website - where people can put information about them can send to others.
Negative Effect - The disadvantage that may endanger the students mentally.
Positive Effect - The advantages for students
Mental health - Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act.
Depression- a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
Internet - The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information
and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection.
Facebook - Facebook is a website which allows users, who sign-up for free profiles, to connect with friends, work colleagues or people
they don't know, online. It allows users to share pictures, music, videos, and articles, as well as their own thoughts and opinions with
however many people they like.
Twitter - Twitter is a social network and real-time communication service launched in 2006 and used by millions of people and
organizations to quickly share and discover information.
Distraction - a thing that prevents someone from giving full attention to something else.
Advantages - a good outcome or effect to the respondents.
Non communicable diseases - a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection, result in long-term health
consequences and often create a need for long-term treatment and care.
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
I. The effect of social media on the education of the young in the Philippines (LOCAL LITERATURE)

According to Rejie D. Astodello (December 11, 2016) Tabuk City, Kalinga- People all over the world have been enjoying the benefits of using technology

nowadays. In the past, communicating and free sharing of thought between people are restricted by long distance, race, and even religion. But now these

barriers can no longer stop the flow of information and knowledge because now the new world of social networking allows free sharing of thoughts through

online social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and the like. Since students are highly motivated to using social media sites the

majority of them use these to satisfy their social needs more than their academic needs. They have the freedom to do whatever they want- they can upload

or download data, they can make new friends and comment on other people's lives, and they can even create other online identities the real world does not

allow. It has been observed too that the majority of the students nowadays, particularly those in the secondary level, spend most of their time chatting with

their acquaintances, playing online games, and watching videos instead of reading their lessons, making their assignments, and other academic

requirements. The main reason is when they work or search their materials online, they get attracted to social networking sites to kill boredom during study

time, diverting their attention from their work. The darker side of this that has gained the attention of many parents is that some students are getting lazier

and are no longer interested in going to school. This is probably due to being extensively indulged to get global access and therefore leading them to

perform less academically. According to Rose Marie Teves and Chizanne Larena(2018), social media in Philippines have tremendously grown since their

emergence in society and have increasingly attracted so many visitors especially students. The effect of social media on the education of the young has

also yielded varied opinions from people. Thus, this study attempted to find out the experiences and effects of social media on senior high students, as well

as its potential contribution in improving their academic performance. 

II. The proposed research model test how Facebook usage effects performance of students with different personality traits. (FOREIGN LITERATURE)

According to Y Wang (2015) social media, Higher education, Student learning. This paper presents a literature review of empirical research related to the use and

effects of social media in higher education settings. The adoption of social media has been steadily increasing. However, a majority of the research reported focuses

on students’ perception on the effects of social media in learning. The research on the effects of social media on student learning and faculty perspectives are still

limited. This literature review focused on the empirical studies that involved the use of social media in higher education in the computing field. Recommendations for

future research directions were presented as the result of this literature review. Tees (2013) presents a very comprehensive literature review paper regarding the role

of social media in higher education virtual and real classes. The review has consulted almost every popular research database. around the world to make this review

rich in terms of covering almost every aspect of explaining the role of different social media in higher education class. This research finds Facebook to be the most

popular social networking site among students as reported by some researchers and it has reached a one billion user base in October 2012. My space is another

SNS which started in 2003 and got popular among people around 2009. However, it is not that popular among educational setups. Linked with more than 35,000,000

users has been reported as the third most popular SNS but mostly used for professional networking. In addition, this research found Blogs, Social Impact, and Twitter

among the other popular social networking sites. Rouis, Limayen, & Salehi-Sangari (2011) investigate the effect of using Facebook on academic performance of

undergraduate students at Lulea University of Technology Sweden in relation to their personality traits. The proposed research model test how Facebook usage

effects performance of students with different personality traits. In addition, the research tries to justify the reveals very significant results. This research establishes

that using Facebook has strong negative impact on academic performance of students with extrovert personalities. However, factor of self-regulation among students

greatly reduces this negative impact. as they have high level of effective self-control while using social media platforms. Cognitive absorption, which defines extent of

deep involvement, is another personality factor taken into consideration while undertaking this research.
III. Use of Social Media in Education: Positive and Negative Impact on Students (LOCAL STUDIES)

Opina (2010) developed and validated instructional modules in college English. She concluded that online learning is a competitive

alternative in teaching English 11 for college level. She also mentioned that the use of online games and exercises is an innovation to

teaching language skills, and at the same time with motivation, and self-discipline to participate regular, are most likely to succeed. It

was also conclude in her study that although learning is achievable using the most available resources in the module and internet, the

teacher is still the most important component in online learning upon whom the student rely. Her study was relevant to the present

research in that it tackled online teaching, however, she dealt mostly on the comparison of the effectiveness between virtual teaching

and tradition teaching methods using her proposed module, while this study concerns more on the use of free website in enhancing

the competencies of the student in oral and written communication. The students were using the social media daily for 1-5 hours. The

only variable that affected the extent of utilization of social media was the respondents’ gender. With 0.87, females were two times

more exposed to social media rather than males. The study concludes that females are more exposed to social media rather than

males. Jurena Abrenica, Marife De Torres and Danilo Vargas (2021) Studied this topic. According to Fernando (2016) in her study

entitled "Use of Social Media in Education: Positive and Negative Impact on Students", the growth of social media over the past few

years has changed the ways in which the internet is experienced by most end users. Social media is built on the idea of how people

know and interact with each other. It gives people the power to share, making the world more open and connected with each other.
III. Use of Social Media in Education: Positive and Negative Impact on Students (LOCAL STUDIES)

Opina (2010) developed and validated instructional modules in college English. She concluded that online learning is a competitive

alternative in teaching English 11 for college level. She also mentioned that the use of online games and exercises is an innovation to

teaching language skills, and at the same time with motivation, and self-discipline to participate regular, are most likely to succeed. It

was also conclude in her study that although learning is achievable using the most available resources in the module and internet, the

teacher is still the most important component in online learning upon whom the student rely. Her study was relevant to the present

research in that it tackled online teaching, however, she dealt mostly on the comparison of the effectiveness between virtual teaching

and tradition teaching methods using her proposed module, while this study concerns more on the use of free website in enhancing

the competencies of the student in oral and written communication. The students were using the social media daily for 1-5 hours. The

only variable that affected the extent of utilization of social media was the respondents’ gender. With 0.87, females were two times

more exposed to social media rather than males. The study concludes that females are more exposed to social media rather than

males. Jurena Abrenica, Marife De Torres and Danilo Vargas (2021) Studied this topic. According to Fernando (2016) in her study

entitled "Use of Social Media in Education: Positive and Negative Impact on Students", the growth of social media over the past few

years has changed the ways in which the internet is experienced by most end users. Social media is built on the idea of how people

know and interact with each other. It gives people the power to share, making the world more open and connected with each other.
IV. The literature comparing different online teaching formats (FOREIGN STUDIES)

(Anne-Mette Nortvig, Anne Kristine Petersen and Søren Hattesen Balle) In the literature reviewed, a great number of studies have

aimed at determining whether computer-mediated education in the form of e-learning, blended learning or hybrid learning is better

than traditional face-to-face teaching in relation to, for instance, learning outcome and student satisfaction. Researchers, educators

and educational decision makers alike are eager to find out which format leads to the best results for their students and the

educational institutions. However, as we shall see below, comparative studies of educational formats show different results, which

might indicate that factors other than the format alone influence learning outcome, satisfaction, student retention et cetera. In this

review of the literature on e-learning, we present and discuss definitions of e-learning, hybrid learning and blended learning, and we

review the literature comparing different online teaching formats with traditional on-campus/face-to-face teaching. With this point of

departure, we explore which factors affect students’ learning experiences in different online formats in higher education, with

particular emphasis on professional education and teacher training. The review serves to show that some factors are more

prominent than others, and these factors, including spaces, learning community and student identity, course design and the

educator’s role, are further discussed. Mojtabai, Olfson and Han (2016) cite the problematic use of mobile phones and social media

applications as one of the trends aligning with the increase in major depressive episodes.