UPSC Prelims-1998

Q. Which one of the following defines the extremists ideology during

the early phase of Indian freedom movement?
A. Stimulating the production of indigenous articles by giving them
preference over imported commodities.
B. Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions
and constitutional ways
C. Providing national education according to the requirements of the
country.
D. Organizing coups against the British empire through military revolt

Answer: B
 UPSC Prelims-1998
Assertion (A): The partition of Bengal in 1905 brought to an end the
moderates role in the Indian freedom movement.
Reason (R): The Surat session of Indian National Congress separated the
Extremisits from the moderates.
A. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A

B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A

C. A is true but R is false

Answer: A
D. A is false but R is true
 UPSC Prelims-1998
Q. The Indian Muslims, in general, were not attracted to the
Extremist movement because of:

a) influence' of Sir Sayeed Ahmed Khan

b) anti-Muslim attitude of Extremist leaders
c) indifference shown to Muslim aspirations
d) extremists’ policy of harping on Hindu aspect

Answer: D
 UPSC Prelims-1999
Q. The congress policy of pray and petition ultimately came to an end
under the guidance of:
A. Aurobindo Ghosh
B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Answer: B
C. Lala Lajpat Rai
D. Mahatma Gandhi
 UPSC Prelims-2000
Assertion (A): The basic weakness of the early nationalist movement lay
in its narrow social base.
Reason (R): It fought for the narrow interests of social groups which
joined it.
A. Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
Answer: C
 UPSC Prelims-2002
Q. With reference to the period of extremist nationalist movement in
India in India with its spirit of Swadeshi, which one of the following
statements is not correct?
A. Liaquat Hussain led the Muslim peasants of Bairsal in their agitation
B. In 1889, the scheme of national education was formulated by Satish
Chandraa Mukherjee
C. The Bengal National College was founded in 1906 with Aurobindo as
the Principal
D. Tagore preached the cult of Atmashakti , the main plank of which
was social and economic regeneration of the villages.

Answer: A
 UPSC Prelims-2007
The song ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’ written during the Swadeshi Movement of
India inspired the liberation struggle of Bangladesh and was adopted the
national anthem of Bangladesh. Who wrote this song?
A. Rajnikanta Sen B. Dwijendralal Ray
C. Mukunda Das D. Rabindranath Tagore

Answer: D
 UPSC Prelims-2008
Q. Who gave a systematic critique of the moderate politics of the Indian
National Congress in a series of articles entitled New Lamps for Old?

A. Aurobindo Ghosh B. R C Dutt

C. Syed Ahmed Khan D. Viraraghavachari

Answer: A
Question UPSC Pre 2014
Q. The partition of Bengal made by Lord Curzon in 1905 lasted until

(a) The World War I when Indian troops were needed by the British and
the partition was ended
(b) King George V abrogated Curzon’s Act at the Royal Durbar in
Delhi,1911
(c) Gandhiji launched a Civil Disobedience movement

(d) The Partition of India, in 1947 when East Bengal became East
Pakistan
Question UPSC Pre 2010
Q. Four resoultions were passed at the famous Calcutta Session of
Indian National Congress in 1906. The question of either retention or of
rejection of these four resoultions became the cause of a split in
Congress at the next Congress session held in Surat in 1907

(a) Annulment of Partition of Bengal

(b) Boycott

(c) National education

(d) Swadeshi
Question UPSC Pre 2009
Q. In the context of the Indian Freedom struggle, 16th October 1905 is
well known for which of the following reasons?

(a) The formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement was made in

Calcutta town hall
(b) Partition of Bengal took effect
(c) Dadabhai naoroji declared that the goal of Indian National Congres
was Swaraj
(d) Lokmanya tilak started Swadeshi Movement in Poona
 Modern Indian History
Revolutionary terrorism
Revolutionary terrorism
Revolutionary
Activities

Phase-I Phase-II
1900s 1920s
Q.Nature of Questions asked in prelims?
Fact Based Area of work India,
Name of a revolutionary leader Abroad

Organisation Publication Book,

Event related to it Conspiracy cases newspaper, magazine etc.
Revolutionary terrorism Reasons for Growth
1.growth of militant nationalism in India Ye extermists
Hum kya bhi
kuch nahi kar
chahte....Azadi..
2. Failure of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement sakenge..

younger nationalists impossible to disappear

into the background
looked for avenues to give expression to their
patriotic energies

disillusioned by the failure of the leadership, even

from the Extremists

We can get independence only when , the British must be expelled

physically
Revolutionaries
Activities
1902
1. Midnapore- Jnanendranath Basu
2. Calcutta the Anushilan Samiti
Leaders:
Promotha Mitter,
Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh
Barindra Kumar Ghosh
In 1906, started weekly Journal Yugantar
Bhupendranath Dutta
Yugantar
Force must be stopped by force."
Revolutionaries
Activities
1902
3.Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal Secret Society

Attack on Attack on
Viceroy Viceroy
Ghadar Ghadar
movement movement
Book
Associatied
Bandi Jiwan
with INA
Rashbehari Bose
Sachin Sanyal
Revolutionaries
Activities
1908
4. Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose
threw a bomb at a carriage supposed to be carrying a particularly
sadistic white judge, Kingsford, in Muzaffarnagar
Instead killed two British ladies

Alipore conspiracy case Muraripukur conspiracy

Anushillan samiti members were arrested  the Ghosh brothers,

Aurobindo and Barindra
Revolutionaries
Activities
1912
Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal
bomb attack on Viceroy Hardinge @ Delhi
Delhi Conspiracy Case

Rashbehari
Sachin
Bose
Sanyal
Revolutionaries
@Maharashtra
In 1879, Ramosi Peasant Force by
Vasudev Balwant Phadke

The Chapekar brothers

murdered the Plague Commissioner of Poona, Rand, and one Lt. Ayerst
in 1897
Revolutionaries
Activities
1897
Savarkar and his brother

Mitra Mela
1899 merged with Abhinav Bharat
Revolutionaries
Activities
Abroad London

1905,Shyamji Krishnavarma
Set up 'India House'
a centre for Indian students, a scholarship scheme to bring radical
youth from India

journal The Sociologist

Revolutionaries
Activities
Abroad London
1909
Madanlal Dhingra
bureaucrat Curzon Wyllie was asssinated
by him

Germany, Berlin
Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
Revolutionaries
Activities
Abroad Paris
Madam Bhikaji Cama
brought out Journal Bande Mataram

Geneva
Ajit Singh

Ajit Singh (Bhagat Singh's uncle) organized the extremist Anjurnan-i-

Mohisban-i-Watan in Lahore with its journal, Bharat Mata
 UPSC Prelims-1999
Q. ‘Abhinava Bharat’ a secret society of revolutionaries was organised
by:

A. Khudiram Bose
B. V.D. Savarkar
Answer: B
C. Prafulla Chaki
D. Bhagat Singh
 UPSC Prelims-1996
Q. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:
List-I List-II
A. Abhinav Bharat Society 1. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
B. Anushillan Samiti 2. Lala Hardayal
3. C.R. Das
C. Gadar Party
4. V.D. Savarkar
D. Swaraj Party
Codes:
(a) A-4;B-1;C-3;D-2
(b) A-1;B-4;C-3;D-2 Answer:D
(c) A-1;B-4;C-2;D-3
(d) A-4;B-1;C-2;D-3
In between
End of Swadeshi Movement
Vacuum Period
Scattered Revolutionary Activities

First World War 1914-1918

Maturing of Indian nationalism
Britain’s difficulty was India’s Opportunity
 Indian National Movement
WWI-Ghadar & Homerule

Compiled by-Pratik
Nayak
Background
Q. Nationalist response during war?
Hum bhi support Ek mauka aur
Loha garam hai...mar
karte hain....Swaraj diya
do hathoda
milega na...!

Effects can also be seen Scattered Revolts & Mutinies

Berlin Committee in Europe
Scattered Mutiny by Indian Soldiers Singapore
Ghadar Movement
The Ghadar Hindustan
Zindabad

Ghadar- Ek prem katha

The Ghadar
Background
Revolutionary Activity in North America
Ramdas Puri By 1911,
G.D. Kumar 'United India House' in Seattle
Taraknath Das
'Swadesh Sevak Home' at Vancouver
Sohan Singh bhakna
Lala Hardayal
The Ghadar

Finally in 1913
Taraknath Das
The Ghadar

revolutionary group organized around a weekly newspaper

headquarters at San Francisco
The Ghadar Khatam karo
Q. The Ghadar programme? Kranti layenge....
angreezo ko

organize assassinations of officials

Publish revolutionary and anti-imperialist literature

work among Indian troops stationed abroad

procure arms and bring about a simultaneous revolt

in all British colonies

intended to bring about a revolt in India

The Ghadar Q. The Ghadar leadership?

Barkatullah Sohan Singh

Bhagwan Singh Lala Hardayal Bhakna

Other Leaders
Ramchandra,
Bhai Parmanand,

Kartar Singh Sarabha intended to bring about a revolt in India

The Ghadar
Revolutionaries were encouraged by two events in 1914
1.The Komagata maru incident

2.The outbreak of the First

World War
The Ghadar
The Komagata maru incident
Name of a ship which was carrying 370 passengers, mainly Sikh and
Punjabi Muslim would-be immigrants, from Yokohama(Japan)-
Hongkong-Singapore -Vancouver

Were turned back by Canadian

authorities after two months of
privation and uncertainty

British Interference in Canadian

affairs
The Ghadar The Komagata maru incident
Ship
SabkokoIndia
train
In between, Start of WWI bhejo....
me bithado

British order for ship to return to India

Ship finally anchored at Calcutta in September

1914

Inmates refused to board the Punjab-bound

Badla liya
train jayega

Police Action22 got killed

Ghadarites got infuriated, time

to take on the British
The Ghadar 21 Feb
Ghadar....!
GhadaritesUrged fighters to go to India 1915...

Kartar Singh Saraba. and Raghubar Dayal Gupta left for India
21 Feb 1915 decided as date of revolt
British Intelligence CID
Major leaders were arrested
Later on, Rashbehari Bose and Sachin
Sanyal were asked to lead the
movement
The Defence of India Act passed, in
March 1915
End of Ghadar Movement
Ras Behari Bose Japan
The Ghadar Q.Assessment of Ghadar??

Positive
Achievement Ideology level
Enriched militant nationalism with a completely secular approach

Militarily, it failed Q.Why?

lacked an organized and sustained leadership
Lala Hardayal Unsuitable
preparation required at every level—organisational, ideological,
financial and tactical strategic

Now, Home rule Movement

 UPSC Prelims-1998
Q. Who was the leader of the Ghadar Party?

A. Bhagat Singh

B. Lala Hardayal

C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: B
D. V.D. Savarkar
 UPSC Prelims-2005
Where were the Ghadar revolutionaries , who became active during the
outbreak of the World War I based?
A. Central America B. North America
C. West America D. South America

Answer: B
Home Rule Movement

Ireland in the Making

BackgroundHome Rule Movement Itna sannata
Swaraj.....
Congress...
kyun hai
July 1908 Tilak goes to Jail on Sedition Charges
bhai..!

June 1914 Tilak Comes out of Jail

Different political situation while going & coming

Swadeshi movement Nationalism on its peak

Tries to enter congress, but was stopped by the

moderate faction

Simultaneously, new leadership was

emerging
BackgroundHome Rule Movement Include Tilak
in congress
Annie Besant

Came to India as volunteer for

Theosophical society of India

Later on started political work by

propagating ‘Home Rule’ on Irish
Home rule league Madam Balvatsky & Colonel Olcott

She advocated to the moderates

to revive their decision & allow
Tilak to be a member
Home Rule Movement
Dec 1914 Congress session @ Madras
No entry for Tilak into congress due to opposition from Pherozshah
Mehta & other leaders
Constructive work done by both Tilak & Besant in the background
Jab tak jodenge nahi tab
Include Tilak Not tak chodenge
in congress possible...! nahi....Congress...
Home Rule Movement
Dec 1915 Session @ Bombay
Entry of Tilak, Annie Besant into congress

But the demand for home rule was not accepted by congress initially

It was decided that congress would pass a resolution on home rule in a

stipulated time

If that is not passed on time, then Tilak & Annie besant can start the
home rule movement on their own

The Congress does not endorses the resolution on Home rule as a result,
Tilak and Annie Besant started their Home rule leagues.
Home Rule Movement Complete Swaraj nahi
chaiye....bas Ireland wala
chalega bhai...!
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Home rule league set up in April 1916
Maharashtra (excluding Bombay city),
Karnataka, Central Provinces and
Berar

Demands included

Swarajya

Formation of linguistic states

education in the vernacular languages

Home Rule Movement Home rule
Annie Besant
launched a campaign to demand self government
for India after the war on the lines of white colonies
Campaigned through her newspapers
New India
Common Weal
public meetings and conferences

Sept 1916 Set up Home Rule league by George Arundale in Madras

Province
Area- Bombay & Rest of India (Other than Tilak’s)
Home Rule Movement
Q. What was the method?
aimed to convey to the common man the message of Home Rule as
self-government

How to achieve this aim?

by promoting political education and discussion through
public meetings holding conferences

organising libraries and reading rooms containing books on national

politics
propaganda through newspapers, pamphlets, posters, illustrated post-
cards, plays, religious songs
Home Rule Movement
Q. Other leaders who joined this movement?

Motilal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
Bhulabhai Desai
Tej Bahadur Sapru

Chittaranjan Das
Madan Mohan Malaviya
Mohammad Ali jinnah
Lala Lajpat Rai
Home Rule Movement Lathi
charge...!!

Q. Government Attitude?
Severe repression
Students were prohibited from attending political
meetings
Case was instituted against Tilak on his birthday Aaj se...sir..
Ka title nahi
June 1917, Annie Besant and her associates, B.P.
Wadia and George Arundale, were arrested

Sir S. Subramaniya Aiyar renounced his knighthood

Huge public movement....!!!!!

Home Rule Movement "Shiva cut his wife into fifty-
two pieces only to discover
Government Attitude that he had fifty-two wives.
This is what happens to the
June 1917, Annie Besant and her associates, B.P. Government
Wadia andofGeorgeIndia when it
Arundale, were arrested interns Mrs Besant.“-

Government released Besant in September 1917

Becomes Congress President in December 1917

By 1919, the movement witnesses end

Lord Montagu
Home Rule Movement
Q. Why the Agitation Faded Out by 1919?
lack of effective organisation Tilak Passive Resistance

Moderates Pacified by talk of reforms (Montagu's statement of

August 1917)
Montagu-Chelmsford reforms which became known in July 1918 further
divided the nationalist ranks
Ab mein kya Passive Resistance Chalu
karu....! No more rakho
andolan....
Home Rule Movement
Q. Why the Agitation Faded Out by 1919?

Tilak had to go abroad (September 1918) in connection with a case

Ab mein kya karu....! Aata hoon...thod kaam
hain....England mein

Annie Besant vacillated over her response to the reforms and the
techniques of passive resistance
The movement was left leaderless
Government of India Act of 1919
Also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

1. Demarcation of the central and

provincial subjects

Central Legislature Central List

Provincial Legislature Provincial List

Government of India Act of 1919
Dual scheme of governance started ‘Dyarchy in Provinces

Provincial subjects

Transferred Reserved

Who makes laws?

Transferred subjects  Governor with the aid of ministers responsible
to the legislative Council

Reserved subjects, Governor and his executive council without being

responsible to the legislative Council
Government of India Act of 1919
3.Bicameralism and direct elections in the country
Indian Legislative Council Welcome..
Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative to the
Assembly) gang

4. 3/6 of the Viceroy’s executive Council Indian

Communal representation Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and

Europeans
Government of India Act of 1919
Communal representation Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and
Europeans
Separate Electorates Only Muslims can vote for Muslims, Introduced
through Morley Minto Reforms (1909)

Samiullah- Candidate
from Dacca
Government of India Act of 1919
5.Office of the High Commissioner for India in London
Establishment of a public service commission

Appointment of a statutory commission to inquire into and report on its

working after ten years of its coming into force
10 years ke baad ek
commission bhenge
Home Rule Movement
Q. Assessment?
Positives
1.Established link between the town the country

2.Shifitng of movement
Initially, Only Educated classes were participating
Now, masses were participating

3.This mass of people got trained for Gandhian style of politics

4. Lucknow Pact
 UPSC Prelims-2013
Q. Annie Besant was
1. Responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement
2. The founder of the Theosophical Society
Balvatsky & Olcott

3. The president of the Indian National Congress

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 Answer: C
(c) Both 1 and 3
(d) All of these
Home Rule Movement
Lucknow Session of Congress 1916
Q. What is the importance of this session?

readmitted the Extremists led by Tilak to the Congress fold

Lucknow Pact between Congress and Muslim League

Mr. Jinnah...u are Ab shoes mat phenkna...!!

ambassador of Hindu-
Muslim unity
Home Rule Movement
Lucnow Pact
The Muslim League + Congress= joint constitutional demands

The Congress accepted the Muslim League's We accept separate

position on separate electorate electorates

AC Mazumdar
Home Rule Movement
Q. Assesment-Lucnow Pact?
Negative Fallout?? Did congress committed a mistake?

The acceptance of the principle of separate electorates

Implied Muslim league & Congress are two separate political entitites

Hence,Two-Nation theory

Hindu-Muslim Unity???
Not much steps taken
Home Rule Movement
Positive
No more fear for Minorities that Hindu’s would rule over them.
Increase in People’s zeal....
Thank You.