RESEARCH IN

DAILY LIFE
GUESS THE WORD. Guess the word that best describe
each picture below by supplying the missing letters to the
blanks.
 WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Quantitative Research is the systematic
empirical investigation of social phenomena
that is presented through statistical,
mathematical or numerical data or
computational techniques.
CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. It is objective NOT subjective.
2. Research questions are clearly defined.
3. Research instrument is clearly structured.
4. Numerical presentation of data.
5. Large sample size.
6. Replicated but not duplicate.
7. Data can be used to predict future
outcomes or forecast.
STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
The advantage of quantitative research include the following:
1. It is objective. This research is considered to be the most reliable
and valid way of concluding results since are based on facts which
have been analyzed and have undergone systematic procedures.
2. Using statistical techniques help you arrive with sophisticated
analyses and allow you to comprehend huge amount of data that are
vital to the study.
3. This type of research is real and unbiased since this is properly
designed and external factors like the researchers’ personal insights
about the topic are always set aside and filtered out.
 STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

4. The numerical data can be analyzed quickly and easily

and findings can be generalized to the population where
information is necessary by employing statistically valid
random models.
5. Quantitative studies are replicable. These can be a
basis for another related topic for study since
standardized approaches can be used or replicated in
different areas with formulation of comparable findings.
 WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
The disadvantage of quantitative research are as follows:
1. Quantitative research requires large number of respondents. In
a qualitative research, it is assumed that the large the sample
is, the more statistically accurate the findings are.
2. It is costly. Due to the fact that there are more respondents
needed, the expenses allotted for reaching out these people
and for reproducing questionnaires or survey forms will be
greater compared to that of qualitative researches.
 WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
3. The information that serves as contextual factors to help
interpret the results or explain variations are usually ignored.
4. Limited information can be gathered when using structured
research instruments, specifically on sensitive like pre-marital
sex, domestic violence, among others.
5. If not done seriously and correctly, data form questionnaires
may be incomplete and inaccurate since some respondents
might not answer truthfully.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGNS
Research design is about the overall strategy
that researchers choose in order to integrate
the different components of the study in a
coherent and logical way, ensuring also that
you will effectively address the research
problem.
KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN
• NON-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
In this kind of design, the researcher observes the phenomena by
the way it occurs naturally, and also, this kind of research does
not introduce external variables. Furthermore, variables are not
manipulated nor the setting is controlled. Meaning, the data is
observed and gathered the way it is.
- Descriptive Research Design
- Correlational Research Design
- Ex post facto Research Design
1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• There is no experimental manipulation and the researcher

does NOT start with a hypothesis.
• 1 Variable and 1 Group or Population

Ex.
Number of Hours spent of Grade 12 learners in social media
The Types of Descriptive Design are as follow:
A. SURVEY
It is used to gather information from groups of people
by selecting and studying samples chosen from a population.
B. CORRELATIONAL
It is conducted by researchers whose is to find out the
direction, associations and/or relationship between different
variables or groups or respondents under study.
C. COMPARATIVE
It involves comparing and contrasting two or more
samples of study subjects on one or more variables, often at a
single point of time. Specifically, the design is used to compare
two distinct groups on the basis of selected attributes such as
knowledge level, perceptions, and attitudes, physical or
psychological symptoms.

Example: A comparative Study on the Health Problems among

Rural and Urban People in Ilocos Region, Philippines.
D. NORMATIVE
It describes the norm level of characteristics for a
given behavior.

Example: If you are conducting a research on the study

habits of the high school students, you are to use the
range of a score to describe the level of their study
habits. The same true is when you would want to
describe their academic performance.
E. EVALUATIVE
It is a process used to determine what has happened
during a given activity or in an institution. The purpose of
evaluation is to see if a given program is working, an
institution is successful according to the goals set for it, or the
original intent was successfully attained.

Example: A test of children in school is used to assess the

effectiveness of teaching or the deployment of a curriculum.
F. METHODOLOGICAL
In this approach, the implementation of a variety of
methodologies forms a critical part of achieving the
goal of developing a scale approach, where data from
different disciplines can be integrated.

Example: Assessing of confidential information of

respondents about the performance in their workplace.
 2. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
• It is conducted by researchers whose is to find out the direction,
associations and/or relationship between different variables or groups or
respondents under study.
• It identifies RELATIONSHIPS between variables.
• Data is collected by observation since it does NOT consider the cause and
effect.
• 2 Variables and 1 group or population

EX.
Parental involvement and academic achievement of Grade 12 learners in the
New Normal.
 3. EX POST FACTO OR CASUAL COMPARATIVE
• This kind of research derives conclusion from observations and
manifestations that already occurred in the past and now compared to
some depend variables. It discusses why and how a phenomenon occurs.
• Is used to investigate a possible CASUAL relationship between
previous and present conditions.
• 1 variable and 2 or more groups.

EX.
Attitudes towards Practical Research 2 of Academic and TVL students
 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
• This allows the research to control the situation. In doing so, it
allows the research to answer the question, “What causes
something to occur?”
• Is used to establish the cause and effect relationship of two or
more variables.

EX.
The effect of teaching with a cooperative group strategy or a traditional
lecture approach on students’ achievement
B. TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
It controls both time-related and group-
related threats. Two features mark true experiments
which means two or more differently groups are
treated or random assignments are given to both
groups and from those, results are obtained.
 A.QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
DESIGN
• In this design, the researcher can collect more data, either by
scheduling more observations or finds more existing measures.
Quasi-experimental design involves selecting groups, upon which a
variable is tested, without any random pre-selection processes.
• The independent variable is identified but not manipulated.
• Use to establish the cause and effect relationship of variables.

EX.
The effect of part-time employment on the achievement of high
students
C. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
A type of research applies to experimental
design that with least internal validity. One
type of pre-experiment is the simple group
design or commonly known as the pretest-post-
test design.
A. TRUE OR FALSE. Identify whether the statement is true or false. Write TRUE
if the statement is correct; write FALSE otherwise, then double-underline the
word that makes the statement incorrect.

1. Quantitative research has clearly defined research questions because at the

beginning, the researchers already know what they should look for.

2. Using statistical techniques help you arrive with sophisticated analyses and
allow you to comprehend small amount of data that are vital to the study.

3. The numerical data can be analyzed quickly and easily.

4. In a qualitative research, it is assumed that the larger the sample is, the more
statistically accurate the findings are.

5. Research design is about the overall strategy that researchers choose in order
to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way.
6. Quasi-experimental design involves selecting groups, upon which
a variable is tested, without any random pre-selection processes.
7. In a true-experimental design, the researcher observes the
phenomena by the way it occurs naturally.
8. Normative research design describes the norm level of
characteristics for a given behavior.

9. Methodological design involves comparing and contrasting two

or more samples of study subjects on one or more variables.
10. True-experimental design controls both time-related and group-
related-threats.
ACTIVITY 1:
Explain it in not more than five sentences. (5
points each)
1.Why do people conduct research?
2.Why do we need to know the Quantitative
Research?
ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
Search the following Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields.
1. Quantitative Research and Anthropology.
2. Quantitative Research and Communication.
3. Quantitative Research and Accounting, Business and Management.
4. Quantitative Research and Medical Education.
5. Quantitative Research and Behavioral Science.
6. Quantitative Research in Education.
7. Quantitative Research and Psychology.
8. Quantitative Research and Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics.