PHILIPPINE

POPULAR CULTURE
CHIENE T. GUIBONG
 COMPONENTS OF CULTURE :

A. Material Culture, includes all the society’s physical

objects, such as its tools and technology, clothing,
eating utensils, and means of transportation.

B. Non-material Culture also known as symbolic

culture, includes the values, beliefs, symbols, and
language that define a society.

Components of culture https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/chapter/3-2-the-elements-of-culture/

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

A. Symbol. Symbols are actually types of nonverbal

communication while other symbols are in fact
material objects
-non-verbal
. shaking hands is very common in every society
which means friendship and is used as a sign of
both greeting and departure
. Some gestures would mean different from others

United States Bulgaria

nod our head up and down Nodding means “No”, shaking
means “Yes” head back and forth means
“Yes”
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

United States Australia

putting our thumb and “Thumbs up” means
forefinger together means extending the middle finger in
“Ok” the US

-symbols are important object

United States Vietnam

Flag is a symbol of freedom symbol of war and imperialism
and democracy

*both nonverbal communication and tangible

objects, are an important part of any culture but
also can lead to misunderstandings and even
hostility
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

B. Language. Language is a key symbol of any culture. Humans

have a capacity for language that no other animal species has,
and children learn the language of their society just as they
learn other aspects of their culture.
. Basic foreign language to learn: French, Spanish, Nihongo

C. Norms-standards and expectations for behaving; are the

formal and informal rules regarding what kinds of behavior are
acceptable and appropriate within a culture; are specific to a
culture, time period, and situation

Formal Norms Informal Norms

(Mores and Laws) (Folkways and Customs)
refer to the standards of refer to standards of
behavior considered the behavior that are
most important in any considered less important
society but still influence how we
behave
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

Formal Norms Informal Norms

(Mores and Laws) (Folkways and Customs)
Examples: Examples:
Criminal laws, traffic rules, Table manners
code of discipline
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

D. Rituals or established procedures and ceremonies that often

mark transitions in the life course.
. Graduation ceremonies in colleges and universities are
familiar examples of time-honored rituals
. Bemba of Zambia, girls undergo a month-long initiation
ceremony called the chisungu, in which girls learn songs,
dances, and secret terms that only women know (Maybury
Lewis, 1998)
. special ceremonies also mark a girl’s first menstrual
period first period is a cause for celebration involving gifts,
music, and food (Hathaway, 1997) but to some it is a privat
matter
ELEMENTS OF CULTURE :

E. Values-judgments of what is good or bad and desirable or

undesirable. A culture’s values shape its norms.
. In Japan, a central value is group harmony.
. The Japanese place great emphasis on harmonious social
relationships and dislike interpersonal conflict. Individuals are
fairly unassertive by American standards, lest they be perceived
as trying to force their will on others
PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :

A. Ethnocentrism is a term applied to the cultural or ethnic bias—

whether conscious or unconscious—in which an individual views
the world from the perspective of his or her own group,
establishing the in-group as archetypal and rating all other groups
with reference to this ideal

Ethnocentrism often results in:

(1) an inability to adequately understand cultures that are
different from one’s own and
(2) value judgments that preference the in-group and assert its
inherent superiority, thus linking the concept of ethnocentrism
to multiple forms of chauvinism and prejudice, including
nationalism, tribalism, racism, and even sexism and disability
discrimination.
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :

B. Xenocentrism is the opposite of ethnocentrism, and refers to

the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own. (The
Greek root word xeno, pronounced “ZEE-no,” means “stranger” or
“foreign guest.”) .

Cultural relativism refers to not judging a culture to our own

standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. It also
refers to the idea that the values, knowledge, and behavior of
people must be understood within their own cultural context.
Moral in USA Immoral in

   
Eating Beef India
Drinking alcohol, Gambling Middle Eastern Islamic Countries
Women in school or business Afghanistan under the Taliban
Women wearing shorts, face uncovered Iran, Saudi Arabia, Sudan
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :
Immoral in USA Moral or Acceptable
Killing newborn females China, India

Female genital mutilation Many African nations (It is

female circumcision)

Family kills a woman family Somalia, Sudan

member who is raped

C. Culture shock is a sense of anxiety, depression, or

confusion that results from being cut off from your familiar
culture, environment, and norms when living in a foreign
country or society. Those experiencing culture shock go
through distinct phases of euphoria, discomfort, adjustment,
and acceptance
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :
Stages of Culture Shock

1. The Honeymoon Stage

The first stage of culture shock is often overwhelmingly positive
during which travelers become infatuated with the language, people
and food in their new surroundings. At this stage, the trip or move
seems like the greatest decision ever made, an exciting adventure
to stay on forever.

2. The Frustration Stage

Frustration may be the most difficult stage of culture shock and is
probably familiar to anyone who has lived abroad or who travels
frequently. At this stage, the fatigue of not understanding gestures,
signs and the language sets in and miscommunications may be
happening frequently. Small things — losing keys, missing the bus or
not being able easily order food in a restaurant — may trigger
frustration. And while frustration comes and goes, it’s a natural
reaction for people spending extended time in new countries.
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :
Stages of Culture Shock

3. The Adjustment Stage

Frustrations are often subdued as travelers begin to feel more familiar
and comfortable with the cultures, people, food and languages of new
environments. Navigation becomes easier, friends and communities of
support are established and details of local languages may become more
recognizable during the adjustment stage.

4. The Acceptance Stage

Generally — though sometimes weeks, months or years after wrestling
with the emotional stages outlined above — the final stage of culture
shock is acceptance. Acceptance doesn’t mean that new cultures or
environments are completely understood, rather it signifies realization
that complete understanding isn’t necessary to function and thrive in the
new surroundings. During the acceptance stage, travelers have the
familiarity and are able to draw together the resources they need to feel
at ease.
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :

D. Multiculturalism the view that cultures, races, and ethnicities,

particularly those of minority groups, deserve special acknowledgment
of their differences within a dominant political culture.

Multiculturalism Theories
1. The Melting Pot Theory
The melting pot theory of multiculturalism assumes that various
immigrant groups will tend to “melt together,” abandoning their
individual cultures and eventually becoming fully assimilated into the
predominant society.

2. The Salad Bowl Theory

Describes a heterogeneous society in which people coexist but retain at
least some of the unique characteristics of their traditional culture
 PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURE :

Characteristics of a Multicultural Society

1. Multicultural societies are characterized by people of different races,

ethnicities, and nationalities living together in the same community.

2. In multicultural communities, people retain, pass down, celebrate,

and share their unique cultural ways of life, languages, art, traditions,
and behaviors.
REFERENCES:
.https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/culture

https://nideffer.net/classes/GCT_RPI_S14/readings/Chap8CharacteristicsofCulture.htm

https://pressbooks.howardcc.edu/soci101/chapter/3-2-the-elements-of-culture/

https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199766567/obo-9780199766567-0045.xml

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/ethnocentrism-and-xenocentricism/

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1KNTJ_enPH950PH950&lei=C0YjYdG1I9Cu5OUPt9G66AI&q=cultu
ral%20relativism%20meaning&ved=2ahUKEwiR57jcx8byAhVQF7kGHbeoDi0QsKwBKAF6BAhKEAI&biw
=1280&bih=577

https://www.google.com/search?q=culture+shock&rlz=1C1KNTJ_enPH950PH950&oq=Culture+Shock&aqs=
chrome.0.0i131i433i512j0i433i512j0i7i30l4j0i512j0i7i30l3.6387j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://medium.com/global-perspectives/the-4-stages-of-culture-shock-a79957726164

https://www.britannica.com/topic/multiculturalism
LEARNING TASK:
DEFEND ME!
1. In your own perspective, how will you define cultural
relativity?

2. How will you respect other’s culture? Cite at least 5 concrete

examples.

Submit your work on September 10, 2021

Rubric:
1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20
Content No ideas presented. Ideas are not related to Ideas are somewhat Ideas are original,
the topic, disorganized. copied, organized and organized and well-
not well-presented. presented.

Grammar/Sentence Sentences are poorly Sentences are somewhat Few sentences are Sentence construction is
Constructions constructed. incorrectly constructed. constructed incorrectly. excellent.