Circulatory System

Circulation
is called the flow of nutrients, other
elements and water into living organisms,
which are needed for growth and
reproduction.
 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• The CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, to
transport materials to and from other
parts of the organism.

• Vessels such as the arteries, arterioles,

capillaries, veins and venules. A pumping
mechanism is also required and a highly
specialized connective tissue circulates
these materials throughout the body.
 KINDS OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
In animals with an open circulatory system such as insects and other
invertebrates, blood does not remain in the vessels that open directly into
tissue spaces.

• CLOSE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

In a close circulatory system, the blood remains within the vessels
throughout its entire circuit.

• LYMPH VASCULAR SYSTEM

This system term is not completely sealed off in the sense that materials
pass continuously between capillaries and the surrounding tissues with a
supplementary network of tubular vessels
 What is a Circulatory System?
• Circulatory System is the major transport pathway of
oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and cells throughout
the body.

• They are responsible for the distribution of hormones and

other materials to the cells as well as carrying away waste
products such as carbon dioxide.

• The heart has the job of pumping these things around the
body. It pumps blood and substances around the body in
tubes called Blood Vessels.

• The heart and blood vessels together make up the

Circulatory System.
FUNCTION OF THE CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

Regulate
Body
Temperature
 How does this System work?
Pulmonary Vein Head & Arms Pulmonary Artery
Lungs

Aorta

Main View
LEFT
The right side of RIGHT
the system deals The left side of
with Liver the system deals
deoxygenated with oxygenated
blood. Digestive System blood.

Kidneys

Legs

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts.

Lungs

the right side of the left side of

the system the system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
 is an organ as big as a closed fist of an
The Heart individual and is enclosed at the center of the
thoracic region.

Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body

Vein from Head and Body

Vein from Lungs

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

Valve Valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 The Heart
This is a VEIN. It brings These are ARTERIES.
blood from the body, They carry blood away
except the lungs. from the heart.

2 ATRIA
Coronary Arteries,
the hearts own
2 VENTRICLES blood supply

The heart has four chambers.

NOW LET’S LOOK AT THE VIDEO, AFTER THIS SLIDE.

 How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE

blood from the blood from

body the lungs

The heart beat begins when the

heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

The atria then contract and

the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

The valves close to stop blood

flowing backwards.

The ventricles contract forcing

the blood to leave the heart.

At the same time, the atria are

relaxing and once again filling with
blood.

The cycle then repeats itself.

 FACTS: DID YOU KNOW ?
• Your system of blood vessels – arteries, veins and
capillaries – is over 60,000 miles long. That's long
enough to go around the world more than twice!

• The heart beats about 100,000 times each day.

 Blood Composition
BLOOD - consist of the cells, and liquid contained inside the
blood vessel.
- it circulates in a regular one-direction movement as
propelled by the contractions of the heart.
 3 Types of Blood

Red Blood Cells

Carry oxygen to all cells in the body

Platelets
help to clot the blood

Plasma
the liquid part of the
White Blood Cell blood … mostly water!
Fight infections
Blood cells are
made in the
bone marrow.
 Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
• Live 4 months (120 days)

• No Nucleus

• Small size

• Make up approximately 40% of Blood volume

• Carry oxygen to the cells of your body

• Return to the lungs to excrete carbon dioxide.

 White Blood Cells (WBCs)

• Largest of the three types of cells

• Responsible for fighting infections or germs
• One drop of Blood can contain from 7,000 to 25,000 white Blood cells.
• If an invading infection fights back and persists, that number will significantly
increase.
Plasma
• Is a sticky, pale yellow fluid mixture of water, protein
and salts.
• It is 95% water.
• Blood Plasma constitutes 55% of the volume of human
Blood.
• Plasma helps maintain Blood pressure, carries Blood
cells, nutrients, enzymes and hormones, and supplies
critical proteins for Blood clotting and immunity.
• Plasma can be collected from a normal healthy donor
twice weekly (max.every 48 hours).
 Platelets

• Small Blood cells that assist in the process of Blood

• clotting helping those with leukemia and other cancers, controlling
bleeding
• The smallest of the Blood cells
• Make up 5% to 7% of total Blood volume.
• Platelets form a 'mesh' net to form clots in the Blood to help stop
bleeding.
 Blood Vessels
Oxygenated blood

(blood from heart) (blood to heart)

Deoxygenated
blood
Capillaries
Oxygenated Blood
is bright red in color and travels
towards the heart from the lungs.

Deoxygenated Blood
it is dark red in color with a tinge of
blue, and travels back to the lungs
to be resupplied with oxygen.

Note:

The Pulmonary Arteries which carry blood to the

lungs are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated
blood.

The Pulmonary Veins which carry blood from the

lungs to the heart are the only veins that carry OXYGENATED
DEOXYGENATED
oxygenated blood. (BLUE)
(RED)
 There are 3 types of blood vessels
• Artery carry blood away from the heart.
• Vein carry blood towards from the heart.
• Capillaries link Arteries with Veins.
 Artery Vein

THERE ARE OVER 60,000 MILES OF BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR BODY

 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and

the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

veins have valves

which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange materials

between the blood and
other body cells.

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

artery vein

capillaries
body cell
Capillary
 A collection of capillaries
Capillary Bed
 What’s in the
Digested Food
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells

Oxygen
Waste (Urea)

Platelets
Carbon Dioxide
Plasma Hormones
 The Blood

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets plasma
 Red Blood Cells
contain haemoglobin, a
a biconcave disc that is molecule specially designed
round and flat without a to hold oxygen and carry it
nucleus to cells that need it.

can change shape to an

amazing extent, without
breaking, as it squeezes
single file through the
capillaries.
 White Blood Cells

there are many different types and

all contain a big nucleus.

the two main ones are the

lymphocytes and the macrophages.

macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-

organisms .

some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy

invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
 Plasma
It also contains useful
things like;

• carbon dioxide

A straw- • glucose
coloured • amino acids
liquid that
carries the • proteins
cells and the • minerals
platelets
• vitamins
which help
blood clot. • hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
 The Blood Clotting
Blood clotting or coagulation is an important process that
prevents excess loss of blood from our body when
we suffer from an injury. 
Blood Clotting Process

The platelets in the blood will stick to the wall of the damaged
vessel and the ruptured platelets seals off the leak.
Complete the following;

away
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery
muscular
are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins
towards
carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The
capillaries
_________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
plasma
Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the
oxygen
blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect
platelets
the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.