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Climate Change - UNEP
Climate Change - UNEP
Climate change and the forestry sector: where are we now? Presentation by UNEP - Mr Jaco Tavenier Istanbul 20 September 2010
1
Overview
1- Climate Change : facts, science, causes and impacts 2- International climate change policy framework 3- Mitigating climate change (focus on forestry sector) 4- Sources of financing to address climate change with focus on the forestry sector
Average temperature of the earth has risen by 0.74 degrees Celsius since 1900 Expected to rise by about 4 o C by mid-century if no action is taken Temperature rise results in extreme weather events and impacts (e.g. flooding, droughts, sea level rise, etc.) Human action mainly responsible for observed and projected climate change Risk of major economic and social disturbances particularly in developing countries Swift action required to:
Reduce the causes of climate changes (mitigation) Prepare for the impacts of climate change (adaptation)
Source: IPCC
including hurricanes have been measured to have increased intensity since the 1980s
Source: UNEP
Climate change, and how we address this issue, is a defining issue of our era.
Ban Ki-moon, Secretary General of the United Nations, 2007
The battle against climate change can not be won without the worlds forests - this is now clear
Ban Ki-moon, 2009
Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1
global reduction of GHG emissions Provide support to developing countries to adapt to climate change Create a sustainable development path in all countries
Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1
Adaptation
Actions
their emissions by at least 5 % below 1990 levels by the 2008 to 2012 period
processes, solvent and other product use Agriculture Land use change and forestry Waste Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1
Emission Trading known as the carbon market Joint Implementation (JI) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Emission reduction can be more cost-effective in some countries/facilities than others Creates potential for market exchange and win-win situations
Responsibility to provide additional financial resources to developing countries Assist particularly vulnerable developing countries to meet costs of adaptation Facilitate the transfer of climate-friendly technologies
Source: FAO
Source: FAO
1. 2.
Establishing, enhancing or protecting forests ecosystems. Managing forests in a sustainable way: a. Management for conservation (prevent emissions) b. Management for storage (short-term measures over the next 50 years ) c. Management for substitution (long-term measures). Sustainable producing wood fuel from forests, which can displace fossil fuels.
3.
Maintaining or increasing site carbon density Promote voluntary certification schemes for sustainable forest management Increasing off site carbon stocks in wood products and enhancing product and fuel substitution Monitoring vulnerable forest areas (avoiding forest fires and pest attacks)
Preventing deforestation and forest degradation Conservation of forests Sustainable management of forests Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1
2.
3.
4.
National and Sub-national Budgets (public) Multilateral Funds and Official Development Aid (ODA) (public) Market-Based Mechanisms / Carbon Financing (public / private) Private Funds
Source: Fotolia
Multilateral Financial Institutions (Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) Bilateral Development Aid
Territorial Approach to Climate Change - Phase 1
Governing bodies of the GEF (GEF Council and the GEF Assembly) receive guidance from MEAs
Host country for JI projects, number of projects and kERUs (September 2010)
http://www.cdmpipeline.org/ji-projects.