Functions

Representing Real-Life Situations Using

Functions
• A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements
of the ordered pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set
of all second elements is called the range.
• A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two
elements (domain and range) such that each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one element in the range.
 Definition of Functions
• It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x variable and y
variable where the first element x is not repeating.
• It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x and y variables
where the second element y is repeating, or it is called one
to many function.
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y it is
called one to one function.
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Given the following ordered pairs, which
relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}

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• A relation between two sets of numbers can be
illustrated by graph in the Cartesian plane, and
that a function passes the vertical line test.
• A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical
line drawn passing through the graph intersects it
at exactly one point.

5
Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of
function?

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Piecewise
Functions
What is Piecewise Function?

• A piece-wise function consists of a set of

different intervals of x with the value of y. Some
situations can only be described by more than
one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable

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 Piecewise Function
• A piecewise function is a function in which more than one
formula is used to define the output. Each formula has its own
domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:

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 EVALUATING
FUNCTIONS

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EVALUATING FUNCTIONS

• Evaluating functions means replacing the

variable in the function, in this case 𝑥, with a
value from the function’s domain and
computing for the result. To denote that we
are evaluating of 𝑥 for some 𝑥 in the domain
of f, write 𝑓(𝑥).
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 OPERATIONS ON
FUNCTIONS

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Function Operations:
Let f and g be functions.
(a) Their sum, denoted by f + g, is the function defined by
(𝒇 + 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)
(b) Their difference, denoted by f – g, is the function defined by
(𝒇 – 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) – 𝒈(𝒙)
(c) Their product, denoted by f ∙ g, is the function defined by
(𝒇 ∙ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) ∙ 𝒈(𝒙)
(d) Their quotient, denoted by, is the function defined by
(𝒇𝒈)(𝒙)= 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) 𝑜𝑟 ()(𝒙)= , excluding the values of x where g(x) = 0.
(e) The composite function, denoted by (𝒇 ◦ 𝒈), is defined by
(𝒇 ◦ 𝒈)(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒈(𝒙))