Harambee University

Faculty of Business & Economics

Department of Project Management
(MPM 721)

Chapter Four
Environmental project management
framework.

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 Environmental Project Management
Framework

The EMF is an environmentally focused

spatial development tool that can be used to
assist in achieving integrated environmental
management (IEM).
The tool looks at social and economic
considerations through an environmental lens
and attempts to guide development in a
specific geographic area where a certain
project activities are taking place
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 Environmental Project Management
Framework
An EMF can be described as a set of
information that can be used by decision-
makers to assist in determining the best
approaches (procedural and/or technical) to
dealing with a variety of environmental
challenges of projects’ ativities.

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 Environmental Project Management
Framework
EMFs can assist in mapping the ecological
integrity of an area by:
 Considering impacts of invasive developments
and harmonizing conflicting land use
imperatives,
 Identifying different interests, and
 Understanding how the costs and benefits of
conservation are distributed.

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 Developing an Environmental Project Management
Framework

Environmental project management (EnvPM)

comes with a unique set of chal
lenges that include how to incorporate
environmental impact perspective into project
strategy.
The challenges also include:
 how to capture,
 measure and
 manage environmental impact on project planning
documents.
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 Cont...

The framework is being developed to provide

practical guidance to practitioners as well as
regulators in the areas of environmental project
management.
In compliance with environmental policy, a
public consultation program should be designed
in order to enable all stakeholders provide
feedback on the developed framework.

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 Purposes of Environmental Project Management
Framework
 Establish a consistent approach to managing
environmental protection, contamination and
remediation projects;
 Provide practical procedural guidance to environmental
project management professionals;
 Educate and inform government, industry and the
community about the environmental issues and how
the methodologies and processes discussed in the book
can be applied for effective environmental
management.

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 Desired Outcomes of Environmental Project
Management Framework
Protect human health and the environment;
Facilitate more effective and efficient
environmental monitoring and remediation of
contaminated sites; and
Provide net social benefit for people and the
community.

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 Fig. Environmental project management framework

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 Cont....

Environmental project management framework

(EPMF) is an overarching strat-
egy that can be used to translate the commitments
and measures contained in the
draft environmental impact statement (EIS) into
the:
 Project planning documents,
 Engineering designs,
 Contract documents, and
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 The day-to-day business operation.
 Environmental Project Management
Methodology
Methodology is defifined as “a system of
practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used
by those who work in a discipline.”
Establishing a methodology and ensuring its
consistent use provides many benefits including
consistency, greater predictability of outcomes,
and better management of the environment.

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 Basis for developing an organised approach to
managing an environmental project
Methodologies that provide a basis for
developing an organised approach to managing
an environmental project are:
 The environmental management system (EMS),
 the PMBOK Guide,
 the plan, do, check, and act (PDCA) circle and
 the Define—Measure—Analyze—Improve—
Control (DMAIC) system

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 ISO 14001 Environmental Management
System
ISO 14001 is an internationally agreed standard
that sets out the requirements for an
environmental management system.

It helps organizations improve their

environmental performance through:
 More efficient use of resources and reduction of
waste,
 Gaining a competitive advantage and
 The trust of stakeholders.
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 General basis for an EMS

The general basis for an EMS is to:

 Write how a task with an environmental impact
is to be done,
 Do the task as it is written, and
 Check periodically to verify that the task is
being done as intended and, if not, correct the
problem

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 Cont....

The main standard for EMS is ISO 14001,

which was released in 1996 and designed
to enable an organisation to “formulate a
policy and objectives taking into account
legislative requirements and information
about significant environmental impacts”

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 The environmental
management system model

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 Cont...

An EMS follows a PDCA cycle.

The above diagram shows the process of

using the environmental requirements to:
 Develop an environmental policy,
 Planning the EMS, and then
 Implementing it.
 Checking the system and
 Acting on it.
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 EMS Philosophy

The EMS is based on the following

philosophy:
 Pollution prevention, conservation, and
remediation;
 Compliance with environmental regulations;
 Environmental stewardship; and
 Continual improvement.

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 EMS PhilosophyImplementation Stages
The EMS philosophy implementation five stages,
1. planning;
– environmental aspects
– legal and other requirements
– objectives, targets and programs
2. implementation and operation;
– resources, roles, responsibility and authority
– competence, training, and awareness
– communication and documentation
– control of documents
– operational control
– emergency preparedness, and response.
3. checking and corrective action;
– monitoring and measurement
– evaluation of compliance
– non-conformance, corrective/preventive action
– control of records
– internal audits
4. management review;
5. continual improvement.
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 Organisations’ EMS Implemention Advantages

Organisations implementing EMS can have improvement

in terms of environmental and overall performance that
result in:
 Improved regulatory compliance,
 Decreased waste materials,
 Reduced pollution emission,
 Enhanced corporate image,
 Improved production efficiencies,
 Increased customer satisfaction,
 Access to new markets, and
 Increased profits
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 The PMBoK Guide

The PMBoK Guide is an inclusive

term that describes the sum of knowledge
within the profession of project management.

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 Cont...

PMBoK Guide provides the fundamentals of

project management, irrespective of the
type of project, be it:
 Construction,
 Engineering,
 Research and development (R&D),
 Development of a new product.
The guide can also be a useful tool for
developing an environmental project
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management framework.
 ISO 9001 Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) Circle

The Plan-do-check-act cycle (next slide) is a four-

step model for carrying out change.
So, it’s an iterative, four-stage approach for
continually improving processes, products or
services, and for resolving problems.
It involves systematically testing possible
solutions, assessing the results, and implementing
the ones that have shown to work.
The PDCA cycle is considered a project planning tool.

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 PDCA Phases

The four phases in the “Plan-Do-Check-Act” circle

involve the following activities:
1. Plan: identifying and analyzing the problem.
2. Do: developing, organising, and testing a
potential solution.
3. Check: leading the project team, measuring how
effective the test solution was;and analyzing
whether it could be improved in any way.
4. Act: implementing the improved solution fully.

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 ISO 9001 Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) Circle

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 Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology, incorporating the input-
output processes, project man-
agement knowledge areas, tools and techniques

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 The Six Sigma (DMAIC) Systems

Define, measure, analyze, improve and control

(DMAIC) is a structured problem-
solving methodology, which is used as a means
of approaching an issue in a structured way thus
enabling solutions to be more robust and
sustainable.

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 Cont...

Contrary to the PDCA approach discussed in

the earlier section, the DMAIC approach
offers an incremental performance
improvement.
It is based on a rigorous methodology that is
adapted to complex problems whose solution
is unknown.
It proposes to increase performance through a
structured and systemic way.
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 Steps of the DMAIC
The five steps of the DMAIC
1. Define the environmental problem: the project goals, and
customer (internal and external) requirements.
2. Measure process performance.
The measure phase is when the true process is identified and
documented. Process steps, and corresponding inputs and outputs
are identified.
3. Analyze the process to determine root causes of variation, poor
performance (defects).
In the analyze phase, the critical inputs are identified. Inputs that
have a strong relationship with the outputs and root causes are
determined.

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 Cont...

4. Improve process performance by addressing and eliminating the root

causes.
In the improve phase, potential solutions are identified and evaluated, and
the process is optimized. The critical inputs that must be controlled to
maintain performance that reliably satisfies the customer are determined.
Process capability and project financials are estimated.
5. Control the improved process and future process performance.
The control phase establishes mistake-proof, long-term measurement and
reaction plans. The team develops standard operating procedures and
establishes process capability. Project financials are updated, verified and
reported. Control plans
are established with reaction plans, ownership and control is transitioned
to the process owner, and lessons are documented.

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