Digital Electronics

EE-201
Lecture # 03
Inverting Operational Amplifier

 input signal Vin is applied through i/p resister Ri

 o/p is fed-back through feedback resister Rf
 +ve terminal is grounded
 the Rf provides the –ve feedback
 o/p signal will be inverted
(i.e 180o out of phase)
Inverting Operational Amplifier

Voltage Gain

 having infinite i/p impedance

 zero current at inverting i/p
 there is no voltage drop b/w inverting & non inverting i/ps
 voltage at inverting i/p is zero (at point A) b/c other i/p is grounded
 0V at inverting i/p is referred as VIRTUAL GROUND
 not physically connected to ground (i.e VA = 0V)
 Inverting Operational Amplifier

Voltage Gain

 current I1 to inverting i/p is zero

 therefore I1 flows trough Ri entirely flows through feedback resister Rf
 therefor If = Iin

Voltage across Ri Vin  VA Vin  0 Vin

Iin    
Ri Ri Ri Ri

Voltage across Rf VA  Vout 0  Vout Vout

If    
Rf Rf Rf Rf
Inverting Operational Amplifier

Voltage Gain
Voltage across Ri Vin  VA Vin  0 Vin
Iin    
Ri Ri Ri Ri
Voltage across Rf VA  Vout 0  Vout Vout
If    
Rf Rf Rf Rf
Vout Vin
Since If = Iin therefore  
Rf Ri
Vout Rf
So the voltage gain, ACL = 
Vin Ri
 -ve sign indicates that o/p signal
is inverted as compared to the i/p
signal
Inverting Operational Amplifier

Voltage Gain

 Closed Loop Voltage Gain (ACL) is the ratio of the feedback resistance Rf
to the i/p resistance Ri
 it is independent of the Op-Amp’s internal open loop voltage gain
 so the –ve feedback stabilises the voltage gain
 inverting op-amp may be design for unity gain only if Rf becomes equal
to Ri as Rf = Ri

 then the voltage gain ACL = -1 but with phase inversion

Inverting Operational Amplifier
Example..
in a ckt given below determine the value of Rf required to produce a closed-
loop voltage gain of -100

Solution

Rf = 100 x 2.2 = 220 kΩ

Inverting Operational Amplifier
Example..
determine the output voltage for the ckt shown below

Solution
Inverting Operational Amplifier
Example..
if Ri = 270Ω and Rf = 8.2 kΩ, determine the voltage gain and calculate a new
resistance value for R1 to give a voltage gain of 60

Solution
Inverting Operational Amplifier
Example..
find the output voltage for the circuit shown below

Solution
Inverting Operational Amplifier
Example..
find the output voltage for the circuit shown below

Solution

since the supply voltages are ± 15V, as Rf = 40 & o/p voltage far exceeds the
saturation level. Op-Amp reaches at deep saturation & will behave as a non-
linear amplifier, o/p will not have the same shape as i/p, but will clip at saturation
voltage
The End