© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

Look at this following picture

Which organ A, B, C or D that pumps the blood?

Which organ A, B, C or D is blood?

What is organ B and C?

How is organ B different from organ C?

 Let’s find out

https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=_qmNCJxpsr0
According to the video, what are the
functions of the circulatory system?
Why do you think the
circulatory system is
important?
Which one is the
artery and which
one is vein? A, B, C
or D?

What do they do?

 The heart
• The noise in your chest is the sound your heart
makes when it pumps blood.
• Your heart is pumping oxygen-rich blood all the
time, to all parts of your body.
• Your heart lies near the middle of your
chest.
• It is found between your lungs and is
protected by your ribcage.
• It tilts slightly towards the left side of your body.
• A grown-up’s heart is about the size of
his or her clenched fist.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 The heart
• By pumping and receiving
blood to and from the lungs,
the heart helps to carry
blood rich in oxygen to the
body cells.
• At the same time, the carbon
dioxide produced during
respiration is also removed
from the cells and returned the heart
to the lungs where it is
released.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 The heart
• Your heart is made of a special
muscle called the heart
muscle.
• The heart muscle contracts and
relaxes continuously.
• This allows your heart to pump
blood non-stop to all parts of
the body.
• Unlike your heart muscles, your
arm and leg muscles cannot
contract and relax continuously,
as they get tired after working heart muscle tissue
for some time.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 The heart
• Your heart muscle is
beyond your control, unlike
your arm and leg muscles.
• You can make your arm
and leg muscles move
anytime you want.
• However, you cannot tell
your heart muscle to stop
moving as and when you heart muscle tissue
like.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 The blood and blood vessels
• Blood flows through many tubes
to get to the different parts of
your body.
• These tubes are called blood
vessels.
• There are three types of blood
vessels:
o arteries
o capillaries
o veins

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 The blood and blood vessels
• Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich
blood from your heart to all parts of your body.
• Arteries branch into very fine blood vessels
called capillaries.

arter
capillarie
y
s© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited
 The blood and blood vessels
• Capillaries have very thin walls.
• Oxygen, digested food and water from blood pass easily through the
walls into your cells.
• At the same time, carbon dioxide and waste materials produced by
the cells pass through the walls into the blood.
• Capillaries merge to form bigger blood vessels called veins.
• The veins then carry blood rich in carbon dioxide back to the heart.

arter vein
capillarie
y © 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited
The blood and blood vessels

capillarie vein
s
arter
blood rich in carbon
y blood rich in oxygen,
dioxide
digested food and water
and waste materials

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 From parts to whole
• Your heart, together with your blood vessels,
and the blood they contain, form the parts of a
system.
• The parts work together to carry out two
important functions.
• First, they transport oxygen, digested food and
water to all parts of your body.
• Second, they carry carbon dioxide and waste
materials away from different parts of your body.
• The waste is then carried to the excretory
organs, where it is released from the body.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

From parts to whole
• This system is called
the circulatory system
because it circulates or
moves blood from your
heart to all parts of your
body and back to your
heart again.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Flow of blood in the circulatory
system upper body parts like
head, neck and arms

• Your circulatory system lungs

circulates blood in two
steps.

flow of blood rich in

oxygen, digested
food and water heart

flow of blood rich in

oxygen, digested
food and water

lower body parts like

stomach, intestines and legs
© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited
 Flow of blood in the circulatory
system
Oxygen, digested food
and water in the blood
• Step 1:
are sent to the body cells. o Your heart pumps the oxygen-
rich blood to all cells of your
body.
o Your blood also transports
digested food and water from
your digestive system to all the
cells of your body.
o Your cells use oxygen, digested
food and water to produce
energy needed for their daily
tasks.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Flow of blood in the circulatory
system
Carbon dioxide and • Step 2:
waste materials in the
o As blood goes around your body, it
blood has been passed to
picks up carbon dioxide and waste
the excretory organs. materials produced by your cells.
o On its way back to your heart, blood
passes on waste materials to organs
like your kidneys and liver.
o These waste materials are eventually
excreted from your body.
o When blood reaches your heart again,
it is sent to the lungs where carbon
dioxide is removed and oxygen is
taken in.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

Let’s do the Workbook pages 18 to 19.

- Do in groups of 3
- Take the paper with words
- Read the instructions in the WB for
more information.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

Let’s do the Workbook pages 18 to 19.

- Do in groups of 3
- Take the paper with words
- Read the instructions in the WB for
more information.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Blood Flow Worksheet
Prepare the red and blue colour pencils/markers .
 Discuss in Groups
• Where will the blood from the lungs flow?
• Where will the blood from the heart flow?
• Why does the blood need to go to the
lungs before it is transported to the rest of
the body?
• Where does the blood get nutrients to be
transported to all the rest of the body?
• The blood from the rest of the body will be
transported back to the heart and the
lungs, why is that so?
Let’s review the last week’s lesson:

Why does the system that transports the blood called

Circulatory system?

What are the organs involve?

How do arteries and veins similar and different?

What are the chambers of the human’s heart?

What are Aorta and Vena cava?

How does the blood circulate from and to the heart?

Let’s review the last week’s lesson:

Why does the system that transports the blood called

Circulatory system?

Because it circulates or moves blood from your heart

to all parts of your body and back to your heart again.
What are the organs involve?
What are their roles?

Heart: Pumps the blood

Blood: Transports the food, water and oxygen from the

heart to the all body parts and also bring back the
waste materials (Carbon dioxide) back to the heart
before it is being release from the body.

Blood vessels: Tubes that help transport the blood to

and from the heart.
 How do arteries and veins
similar and different?

Similar: They both are blood vessels

Different:

Arteries transports the blood rich in oxygen (oxygenated)

Veins transports the blood poor in oxygen (deoxygenated)

 How many does heart have?
What are they?

There is 4 chambers (rooms) in human heart.

- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
 What are Aorta and Vena
cava?

Aorta= Gate that allows the blood from heart to the body
parts

Vena cava= Gate that allows the blood from the body parts
to enter the heart
 How is the blood flow?
Arrange it from the lungs until
it goes back to the lungs.
Lungs (blood absorb the oxygen)  Left atrium  Left ventricle 

Out from the heart through the aorta Arteries 

Capillaries (the exchange of gases happen)  Veins 

Back to the heart through Vena Cava  Right atrium 

Right ventricle  Lungs  and circulate again

Today’s agenda:

Learn what is heart rate and

how to count it.

Relate how pulse rate is

affected by length and level of
different actions 
 How fast does your heart beat?
• Each heartbeat is a cycle of contraction and
relaxation of your heart muscles.
• When your heart beats, blood is pumped through
your blood vessels, causing them to expand and
relax.
• After every heartbeat, a pressure wave passes along
your blood vessels.
• It is similar to a ripple that spreads outwards from
your heart and pushes the blood through the blood
vessel.
• This is known as your pulse.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 How fast does your heart beat?
• The heart of a normal adult beats
60 to 70 times per minute.
• This heart rate changes with age
and health as well as the type of
activity you are doing.
• For example, it increases when
you exercise.
• This is because the heart needs
to supply more food and oxygen
carried in the blood to many parts
of the body to produce more
energy.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

• New borns (birth to 4 weeks): 100 - 205
beats bpm*.
• Infant (4 weeks to 1 year): 100 – 180
bpm*.
• Toddler (1 to 3 years): 98 - 140 bpm*.
• Preschool (3 to 5 years): 80 - 120 bpm.
• School-age (5 to 12 years): 75 - 118 bpm.
• Adolescents (13 to 18 years): 60 - 100
bpm.
• For adults (ages 18+), the expected
resting heart rate range is 60 - 100 bpm.
 Let’s discuss
If we want to count our heartbeat, what are
we supposed to do first? How to do it?

Which one makes our breath rate faster,

sleeping or jumping? Why? 

When we breathe faster, is our heart rate

going faster too? Why or why not?
 Let’s check our Heart Rate
(Pulse)
• Let’s go outside of the classroom.

• Do in group of 3.
- Boys touch boys, girls touch girls only
- To make it fair, only 1 student does the activity mentioned (he/she
has to tell the friends which part is the clearest part to check).
- 1 student will responsible for the timing (using of a stopwatch).
- Another student will be the one who touches the student who does
the activity and count the heart beats and breathing rates.
- Breathing rates is 1 time inhale and 1 time exhale.
- When you are sit down (normal condition).
- The number of heart beat should be between 75 to 118
- The number of breathing rate should be between 16 to 25
 What I have known
• Discuss with the group and prepare for
the materials.
• Do the Draw me Worksheet
• Use your colouring materials provided by
the group.
Do Activity 3.3 Systems 1-2-3
in WB p. 21 & 22 (part A only)
 Review
• Difference of Aorta & aortic valve

• Chow to count the PULSE?

• Do your pulse beats faster when you run

than you sleep? Why or why not?

• Who has more pulse you or me? Why?

Why does your heart rate increase when
you are nervous?

When a danger is encountered, our brain just sends signals to

our entire body warning us that we need to leave the life-
threatening situation.
The hormones then create adrenaline that will keep us awake
and alive while we are fighting or fleeing.
Our cells too contribute by keeping everything working and
pumping and so that adrenaline can pump through our blood.
While the adrenaline is pumping through our blood, so are the
fat and sugar. That fat and sugar make our bronchi open wider
causing heart beat and breathing rate to accelerate.
• Discuss with the closest friend
• Why a person can have a body like a
bodybuilder, and what is the purpose of
having a body like that.
• What happens to people who transfuse
their blood?
• White and red blood cells.
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen to all cells in the
body. The oxygen is carried to cells on a protein in red blood cells
(called hemoglobin). Hemoglobin is what makes the blood red. It
also carries carbon dioxide away from cells so that it can be
exhaled by the lungs. Almost all of the cells in the blood are red
blood cells.

• White blood cells (leukocytes) are an important part of the

immune system . They fight infection by defending the body
against bacteria, viruses and other germs. Most of the body’s white
blood cells are outside the blood, in other tissues of the body.
Normally, there are very few white blood cells in the blood.

• Platelets (thrombocytes) make the blood clot and help stop

bleeding. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets travel to the
area and clump together.
 Plant’s Transport System
What are the human blood vessels? How
do they different?
How about plants? Do they transport things
also?
There are 2 tubes (like blood vessels) in
plants transport system – Check System TB
page 4
Plant’s Transport System, Human Circulatory
System & train tracks

How can you tell that 3

of them are similar?
Plant’s Transport System, Human Circulatory
System & train tracks

How can you tell that

do train tracks similar
to Xylem and Phloem?
 Let’s observe

Let’s check if the plants really absorb the

water.

How can you know?

 Workbook & Work-out! time

- By group you will do WB page 20

- By yourself do the Work-out page 41 to

42
Why are they different?
Working together
Your circulatory system
Every system
works in
very closely with all
your body
parts has its
of your body,
own special tasks.
especially your
respiratory and digestive
systems.

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Working together
to lungs to body
from body
from lungs

right side left side

© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited

 Working together
• Without your respiratory system, the
supply of oxygen in your blood will run out
very quickly.
• Thus, your cells will not be able to produce
energy from digested food transported by
your blood.
• As a result, all other systems like your
skeletal and muscular systems will not be
able to carry out their jobs as well.
 Discuss
Why do organs have different function(s)?

Because they belong to different systems.

Because of their specialisation, these
different systems are dependent on each
other.
 Discuss
What do lungs help Circulatory systems do
its job? 

It brings in air from surroundings and

passes oxygen into the bloodstream. From
there, it circulates to the rest of the body.
 Discuss
Where is the digested food being
transported to blood? 

Digested nutrients are absorbed into the

blood through capillaries in the small
intestine.
 Discuss
So, how do these systems (Digestive and Respiratory)
correlate (relate to) the overall function of the Circulatory
system?
The respiratory system causes the diffusion
of oxygen into the blood and the diffusion of
carbon dioxide into the blood. The oxygen
is then transported to tissues via the
circulatory system. The digestive system
produces nutrients. These nutrients are
circulated to other parts of the body via the
blood.
 Work-out time

Do Work-out pages 43 to 47
 Discuss
How do oxygenated blood leaves the heart
and is transported to the body parts?

(After picking up oxygen, the blood travels

back to the heart through the pulmonary
veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle
and out to the body's tissues through the
aorta).
 Discuss
How the deoxygenated blood brings the
waste materials and Carbon dioxide from
different body parts back to the heart?

(Blood comes into the right atrium from the

body, moves into the right ventricle and is
pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the
lungs).
Name the substance X,
Systems F & G.
What happens?
Do you have any
experiences of this?
 Diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases, which affect your
heart and/or blood vessels.
• Vascular diseases, which affect your blood
vessels.
• Overall, circulatory system diseases can cause
a range of issues, including:
• Problems with your heart’s pumping action.
• Changes to your heart’s structure.
• Inefficient blood flow.
• Blocked or narrowed blood vessels.
• Weakened blood vessels.
 Heart Attack
- A heart attack occurs when there is a

sudden blockage of a coronary artery,

leading to the death of heart muscles.

- Coronary arteries are blood vessels that

supply the heart muscles with blood

containing oxygen. They can be blocked

when plaques containing cholesterol are deposited in them,

causing them to become too narrow for red blood cells to flow through.
 Heart Attack
- This prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscles, so the affected
parts of the heart start to die. Sometimes, the surface of a plaque in a
coronary artery may break, leading to the formation of a blood clot on the
plaque's surface.
- The blood clot blocks blood flow within the artery, causing the affected part
of the heart to die, thus resulting in a heart attack.
 Heart Attack’s symptoms
• Chest pain or discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort
in the center or left side of the chest that lasts for more than a few
minutes or that goes away and comes back. The discomfort can
feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain.
• Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint. You may also break out into
a cold sweat.
• Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
• Pain or discomfort in one or both arms or shoulders.
• Shortness of breath. This often comes along with chest
discomfort, but shortness of breath also can happen before chest
discomfort.
• Other symptoms of a heart attack could include unusual or
unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting. Women are more
likely to have these other symptoms
 Another Diseases
Blood pressure conditions include:
• Hypertension: High blood pressure throughout the arteries in your
body. This is what people usually mean when they say “high blood
pressure.” Hypertension is known as a silent killer because it often
has no symptoms but it can, over time, lead to many health
problems.
• Hypotension: Low blood pressure throughout your body.
• Portal hypertension: High blood pressure in the vein that carries
blood from your intestines to your liver.
• Pulmonary hypertension: High blood pressure in the arteries that
carry blood from your heart to your lungs.
 Another Diseases
Heart failure
• Heart failure happens when your heart can’t pump blood
as well as it should. So, your organs can’t get enough
oxygen. Heart failure has many causes and is
associated with many other medical conditions. Over 6
million people in the U.S. have heart failure.
• Heart failure is a progressive disease, meaning it gets
worse over time. The later stages are called “congestive
heart failure.” This involves fluid buildup (congestion) in
different parts of your body.
 Another Diseases
High cholesterol
• We all need to have some lipids (fats) in our blood. Fats
do important work in our bodies. But too many fats in
your blood can be dangerous. This condition is known
as high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia). High cholesterol
can raise your risk of many other medical conditions.
• Familial hypercholesterolemia is high cholesterol that’s
passed down within biological families. People with this
condition have very high LDL (bad cholesterol) levels.
This raises their risk of coronary artery disease and
heart attacks. They’re also more likely to face these
complications at a younger age.
 Another Diseases
Stroke
• A stroke is a life-threatening emergency that needs immediate
medical attention. It happens when blood flow to your brain gets
interrupted. There are several types of stroke:
• Ischemic stroke: A blood clot blocks an artery leading to your
brain.
• Hemorrhagic stroke: There’s bleeding in your brain (sometimes,
from a ruptured blood vessel or head injury), which blocks brain
cells from receiving blood.
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA): A blood clot temporarily blocks
blood flow to your brain, causing a “mini stroke.” A TIA is usually a
warning sign before an ischemic stroke.
© 2009 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Private Limited