MATEMATIKA

DISKRIT
PAGE 12-16
No. 17 B

 If 1 + 1 = 3, then 2 + 2 = 4.
 Since the hypothesis is false and the conclusion is true, this conditional statement
is true.
No.33 F

 (p ⊕ q) → (p ⊕ ¬q)
p q ¬q p⊕q p ⊕ ¬q (p ⊕ q) → (p ⊕ ¬q)
T T F F T T
T F T T F F
F T F T F F
F F T F T T
No. 37 F

 (¬p ↔ ¬q) ↔ (q ↔ r)
p q r ¬p ¬q ¬p ↔ ¬q q↔r (¬p ↔ ¬q) ↔ (q ↔ r)
T T T F F T T T
T T F F F T F F
T F T F T F F T
T F F F T F T F
F T T T F F T F
F T F T F F F T
F F T T T T F F
F F F T T T T T
PAGE 22 - 24
No.7

 p ∧ ∼q → r
p q r ¬q p ∧ ∼q p ∧ ∼q → r
T T T F F T
T T F F F T
T F T T T T
T F F T T F
F T T F T T
F T F F T F
F F T T F T
F F F T F T
No 8 A

 “The user has paid the subscription fee, but does not enter a valid password.”
Kata “but” memiliki makna sama dengan “and”, maka r ∧ ¬p
No 25

 A says “I am the knight,” B says “I am the knave,” and C says “B is the knight.”
B adalah seorang spy, C adalah knave karena dia berbohong, dan A adalah
knight,dialah yng selalu jujur
PAGE 34 - 36
No 8 D

 Rita will move to Oregon or Washington.

The Negation is :
Rita will not move to Oregon and will not move to Washington
No 20
 Show that ¬(p ⊕ q) and p ↔ q are logically equivalent.

p q p⊕q ¬(p ⊕ q) p↔q

T T F T T
T F T F F
F T T F F
F F F T T

Dapat dilihat bahwa ¬(p ⊕ q) and p ↔ q adalah equivalent

No 51

 Find a compound proposition logically equivalent to p → q using only the logical

operator ↓
 From the definition, p ↓ p is false when p is true and true when p is false, exactly
as ¬p is; thus the two are logically equivalent.
 The proposition (p ↓ q) ↓ (p ↓ q) is equivalent, by part (a), to ¬(p ↓ q), which
from the definition (or truth table or Exercise 49) is clearly equivalent to p ∨ q .
 A straightforward approach is as follows: (p → q) = (¬p V q) =((p ↓ p) V q) =(((p
↓ p) ↓ q) ↓ ((p ↓ p) ↓ q)). If we allow the constant F in our expression, then a
simpler answer is F ↓ ((F ↓ p) ↓ q).
PAGE 53 - 57
No 14 C

 ∀x((−x)2 = x2)

Since (−x)2 = ((−1)x)2 = (−1)2x2 = x2 , we know that ∀x((−x)2 = x2) is true

No 27 B
 There is a student in your school who cannot speak Hindi.
No 37 D
 There is a student who has taken more than 21 credit hours in a semester and received all A’s
PAGE 64 - 69
No 11 A

 Lois has asked Professor Michaels a question.

Kita mungkin mengira Lois adalah student dan Michaels adalah faculty member,
tapi kalimatnya tidak merujuk demikian, maka jawabannya adalah A(Lois, Professor
Michaels)
No 15 D

 The absolute value of the product of two integers is the product of their absolute
values.

∃x∃yP(x, y) , where P(x,y) is "x has taken y"; x ranges over students in this class,
and y ranges over computer science courses
No 50 B

 ¬(∀xP (x) ∨ ∀xQ(x))

the expression inside the parentheses is logically equivalent to ∀x∀y(P(x) ∨ Q(y)).
Applying the negation operation, we obtain ∃x∃y¬(P(x) ∨ Q(y)).
PAGE 91 - 92
No 17
 p ∨ t and t

p t p∨t
T T T
T T T
F T T
F T T

Sama
Maka p ∨ t is equivalent t
No 27

 Prove that if n is a positive integer, then n is odd if and only if 5n + 6 is odd

 Pertama kita asumsikan bahwa n ganjil dan tunjukkan 5n + 6 ganjil, asumsinya n

= 2k +1, maka 5n + 6 = 5(2k +1) +6 = 10k + 11 = 2(5k + 5) + 1. Kita telah
menunjukkan 5n + 6 sebagai 2 kali bilangan bulat tambah 1 (adalah ganjil)
 Sekarang kebalikannya bahwa n genap, maka n = 2k, dan 5n + 6 = 5(2k) + 6 =
10k + 6 = 2(5k + 3). Disini kita telah menuliskan 5n + 6 sebagai 2 kali bilangan
bulat, menunjukkan bahwa 5n + 6 genap.
No 48 A

 (p ∧ ∼q) ∨ (p ∧ q) ≡ p ∧ (∼q ∨ q)
 The distributive law is p ∧ (q ∨ r) ≡ (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)
 Terapkan distributive law pada p ∧ (∼q ∨ q), maka
 p ∧ (∼q ∨ q) ≡ (p ∧ ∼q) ∨ (p ∧ q), didapatkan
 (p ∧ ∼q) ∨ (p ∧ q) ≡ p ∧ (∼q ∨ q)