NAME :- PATEL ISHA .K.

BATCH :- II
ROLL NO :- 06
SUBJECT :- BUILDING SERVICES
TOPIC :- DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRES & SWITCH
BOARD
 ELECTRIC CABLE AND WIRE S ARE
CONSIDERED AS A SAME THING. IN
FACT THEY ARE QUITE DIFFERENT
. A WIRE IS MADE OF A SINGLE
INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR WHILE A
CABLE IS A GROUP OR BUNDLE OF
WIRES AND CABLES : MULTIPLE WIRES INSIDE A
COMMON SHEATHING. BOTH OF
THEM ARE USED FOR CARRYING
ELECTRICAL CURRENT.
Residential wires and cables :-
The residential wiring from the utility pole to the appliances or
devices inside the home is divided into mainly five types.
 Service Drop Cable:
It is the cable between the utility pole and the consumer’s
premises or building. The service drop cable is an overhead
electrical line from the pole to the service weather head of a
house. The service drop cable can be of many types given below:
i. Duplex cable
ii. Triplex cable
iii. Quadruplex cable
 Main Feeder Wires:
The main feeder cables & wires supply the power from the service weather head to
the building. The cables used for this purpose are 600v THHN, solid or stranded
with the rating of 25% more than the maximum required load.

 Panel Feed Wires:

The panel feed wires supply power to the main distribution junction box. It is
usually black insulted THHN cables with rating of 25% more than maximum load
current
 Non-Metallic Sheathed Wires:
The non-metallic or NM sheathed wires are used for in-house wiring. It may
consist of 2 or more than 2 insulated conductors with an insulated or bare ground
conductor. There is another layer of plastic XLPE sheathing for more protection.
The latest version NM type-B is currently used by electricians for interior
installation. The conductors could be solid or stranded. The stranded conductors
are easier to route through conduits.
 Single Conductor Wire :
Single Conductor wire is the most popular choice for electrical layout inside a
home. It is available in multiple gauges, color (for phase, neutral and ground
identification) and solid or stranded conductors. A single solid wire provides better
connections but single stranded wires are easier to route through conduits. Both of
them are available in THW and THHN insulation.
 Types of wires and cables :-

Radiating or Leaky Coaxial Cable : Twin-axial or Twinax Cable :

Uses:- It is used in places where Uses:- It is used for high-speed
antenna is not feasible such as short-range signal communication
underground tunnels, elevator shafts usually for 10 Gigabit Ethernet
etc. Network.
Radiating or Leaky Coaxial Cable :
Uses:- It is used for audio and
video signal transmission in
application such as cable TV,
Satellite TV signal and radio etc.
Rigid Line Coaxial Cable :
Uses :- They are used for high power signal
transmission between RF components of a
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable :
transmitter and antenna.
Uses :- Various categories of UTP cables are used
in residential and commercial building with
various bandwidth e.g. CAT1, CAT2 etc.

Single Mode or Mono-mode Fibre Optics

Cable:
Uses :- It provide high transmission rate at
long distance with very low attenuation
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable: but at high cost.
Uses :- They are used for high-end applications
where the cables may get affected by external
environmental interferences.

Two wires NM sheathed cable:
Uses :- It is commonly used for residential electrical wiring.
Three wires NM sheathed cable:
Uses :- The NM-B (B for building) is a type of NM cable
especially used for indoor building wiring. They are used for
wiring inside wall and floors but not to be used in wet places
such as external wiring.
Armoured Cable (AC) :
Uses :- he metallic layer provides extra mechanical
strength against any sort of damage and can also be used
for grounding connections. Thus they are not used in damp
or wet location as well as underground. The armored layer
can be wire braid, steel wire or steel tape. The steel wire
armored (SWA) cable is most common type of armored Metal Clad (MC) Cable :
cable used for power transmission. Uses :- it is used as direct burial type and in wet
locations but if they have their protective PVC outer
sheath.
They are mostly used in electronics for data transmission in application such as:
• Transmitting audio signal to audio mixer.
• Sending audio and video signal in gaming consoles.
• Sending camera signal to CCU (camera control unit) in TV studios
• Sending audio and video signal using a single cable from camera.
• in networking

Flexible Cables :
Uses :- They are used in
automation industries where
the machines are
Ribbon Cable :
continuously moving such
Uses :- They are mostly used in electronic devices and
as pick and place machines
computers to connect different internal peripheral that
and CNC based machines
require data buses like hard drives, CD drives, printers
such engraving, milling
etc. Due to their flat shape, they block the airflow inside
machines etc.
computer which affects the cooling system. Nowadays,
they are mostly replaced by round cables.
 ◂ Switch is an electrical component which can
make or break electrical circuit automatically or
manually. Switch is mainly works with ON
(open) and OFF (closed) mechanism.
Numerous circuits hold switches that control
how the circuit works or actuate different
INTRODUCTION OF characteristics of the circuit. The classification
of switches depends on the connection they
SWITCHBOARDS : make. Two vital components that confirm what
sorts of connections a switch makes are pole
and throw.
 4 Types of Switches
◂ Basic types of switches are SPST, SPDT, DPST
and DPDT. These are briefly discussed below.
 Toggle switches :
Uses :- Toggle switched are used Slide switches :
extensively in electronics panels and Uses :- Slide switches are used
instrumentation where a wider range in electrical and electronic
of switching function is required, equipment where the switching
such as in switchboards. range can be limited, and
economizing is important. They
Thumbwheel : are commonly used for on-off
Wall switches : Uses :- Thumbwheel switches are buttons or just as a general
Uses :- Wall Switches are hand-operated widely used in the aviation control switch.
electro-mechanical devices used in residential industry for flight controls,
and commercial buildings most commonly for instrumentation, and controllers.
lighting control. They are also used to control They are also used in test and
ceiling fans and electrical outlets. measurement equipment and
computer devices.
Pressure switches :
Uses :-A single pull switch can be
used for manual control of overhead
lights and fans. As rope-pull
switches, they are used for
emergency stop devices, for
example along the length of an in-
running roll. They are sometimes
called Rope Pulls or Cable Pulls.
Push button :
Uses :- it is used for switches
and switching circuits used on
industrial control panels.
Pushbutton switches make up
the bulk of manual switches
used in industrial controls.
Pull chain switches :
Uses :- A single pull
switch can be used for
manual control of
overhead lights and fans.
As rope-pull switches,
they are used for Rocker switches :
emergency stop devices, Uses :- Rocker switches are
for example along the used for manual switching in
length of an in-running many industrial controls as
roll. They are sometimes well as for control of consumer
called Rope Pulls or goods and office machines.
Cable Pulls.

Membrane switches :
Uses :- Membrane Switches are
common in commercial products
where incorporating all control
functions into a single device can
save costs over using discrete
switches.
level switches :
Uses :- Level switches
Limit switches : are used extensively in
Uses :- Limit switches are the process industries to
used in many common Magnetic switches : monitor tank and hopper
consumer machines such Uses :- it is used to detect the levels. They are used in
as washing machines. In opening and closing of doors everyday applications as
their ruggedized form, and windows as part of a well.
they are used in many security system.
types of manufacturing
facilities such as steel
mills and paper plants.
THANKS