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2.3 Crystal Planes
2.3 Crystal Planes
2.3 Crystal Planes
• Dimensions: c
– unit cell distances
– a, b, c
– along axis x, y, z
a
b
z
b y
a
x
z
Positions: (0, 1, 1)
(1, 1, 1)
(x, y, z)
notation in
parentheses,
indices
separated by (0, 0, 0) y
commas a
(1, 0, 0)
(1, 1, 0)
x
Directions: z
vectors that
connect the
origin with a
position [111]
notation in y
brackets,
indices, [110]
no commas [100]
x
z
Directions
[110]
x
are these two the
SAME direction ?
z YES !
(0, 0, 0)
(1, 1, 0)
origin can be
moved here
y
[110]
x
Directions: z
what direction
is this ?
Answer: y
_
[101]
x
Directions: z
1/2
what direction
is this ?
y
2/3
x
Move origin: z
x = 2/3 (0,0,0)
y=1
z = -1/2
[2/3 1 1/2]
1/2
reduce to small
integers:
y
[2 3 3/2]
2/3
[463]
x
Planes:
(hkl)
plane
What plane is this ?
Planes: z
x
z
Planes:
The (010) plane is
perpendicular to the
[010] direction.
(010)
[010] y
x
z
Planes:
The (110) plane is
perpendicular to the
[110] direction.
(110)
[110] y
x
A Simpler Method:
Interceptions z
of plane with Miller Indices
axes:
x=1
y=1
z=
Reciprocals: (110)
h = 1/1
k = 1/1
l = 1/ = 0 y
plane (110)
x
Obtaining Miller Indices of a Plane
1. Identify coordinate intercepts (i.e. places where plane
crosses axis) x1, y1, z1
° If plane is parallel to axis, intercept is infinity
° If plane passes through (0,0,0) move origin to another
equivalent point in lattice
2. Take the reciprocal intercepts
h1 = 1/x1, k1 = 1/y1, l1 = 1/z1
3. Clear fractions, but DO NOT reduce to lowest integer
values h, k, l
4. Cite plane in parentheses with bars over negative values
(h k l)
(112)
(121)
(102)
Example: z
what plane
is this ?
(1 1 0)
y
-1
(0,0,0)
1
x
What are the indices if
Example: z
you chose this origin?
what plane
is this ?
(110)
y
-1
x
1
z
x
1) is this plane equivalent?
Example: z
what plane
is this ?
(1 1 0)
y
-1
(0,0,0)
1
x
In class problem
• Sterling silver contains 1.3 cm
– 7.5 wt % Cu and
– 92.5 wt % Ag 0.4 cm
• Data:
density of the sterling silver alloy 10.45 g/cm3
Atomic weight Ag = 107.87 g/mol
Atomic weight Cu = 63.54 g/mol
Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol
L= 1.3 Volume = 0.1634 cm3
d= 0.4
Ag 0.01463901 mols
8.7834E+21 atoms
Please, read: