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Facial Nerve Animation 01
Facial Nerve Animation 01
Knowledge of the functional components and the deficits that follow damage to each provides the basis of the thorough neurological exam.
SSE Doesnt exist SVA Special Visceral Afferent Taste and olfaction SVE Special Visceral Efferent
Motor to muscles derived from the branchial arches
The remainder of this tutorial focuses on the functional nerve components contained within the facial nerve:
SVE GVA SVA GVE GSA These components, either alone or in combination, make up the facial nerve and its branches. An understanding of these components can serve as a template for understanding the other functional components. In addition, an understanding of the facial nerve and its components can be applied in clinical situations to help localize a patients defect.
Stapedial Nerve
SVE
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Stylomastoid Foramen
Facial nerve Posterior auricular N.
The facial nerve exits the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) at the internal acoustic meatus.
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Stylomastoid Foramen
Within the internal acoustic meatus the facial nerve enters the facial canal.
Lacerate foramen
MCF
Greater superficial Petrosal nerve (GSPN)
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Stylomastoid Foramen
Facial nerve
The first branch of the facial nerve, the greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) branches from the geniculate ganglion within the genu of the facial canal and enters the middle cranial fossa (MCF) by way of the hiatus of the canal for the GSPN.
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Stapedial N.
Stylomastoid Foramen
The second branch of the facial nerve, the stapedial nerve, branches from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear.
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Stylomastoid Foramen
Facial nerve
Infratemporal fossa
The third branch of the facial nerve, the chorda tympani nerve, branches from the descending portion of the facial nerve and enters the middle ear. Within the middle ear the chorda tympani nerve crosses the medial surface of the tympanic membrane. It then passes through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa.
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Stylomastoid Foramen
Facial nerve Posterior auricular N.
Parotid region
The descending portion of the facial nerve exits the facial canal at the stylomastoid foramen and continues into the parotid region
2. 3. 4.
5.
SVE (Special Visceral Efferent) Motor to striated muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch. GVA (General Visceral Afferent) Sensory from visceral touch, temperature, and pain. SVA (Special Visceral Afferent) Taste GVE (General Visceral Efferent) Autonomic innervation to mucosal, lacrimal, and salivary glands. GSA (General Somatic Afferent) Sensory from somatic touch, temperature, and pain.
Click on numbers for functional components
SVE
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Stapedius muscle dampens movement of the ossicles protecting the inner ear from damage from loud noises
2. The Posterior Auricular nerve innervates the posterior auricular muscle, pulling the pinna posteriorly.
SVE
SVE
Through the internal acoustic meatus
Through the stylomastoid foramen Posterior belly of digastric branch of facial nerve innervates posterior belly of digastric muscle.
5. The next six slides demonstrate SVE innervation to the muscles of facial expression*
SVE
A.
Temporal branch (with zygomatic branch) innervates orbicularis oculi-closes eyelids Zygomatic branch (with buccal branch) innervates zygomaticus major--smiling Buccal branch innervates buccinator--tenses cheek Mandibular branch innervates depressor angularis oris--frowning Cervical branch innervates platysma -lowers mandible, tenses skin of anterior neck
B. C.
D. E.
*These are key innervations to the muscles of facial expression. However, each nerve branch innervates multiple muscles and each muscle receives multiple nerve branches.
A. The temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve provide SVE nerve fibers that innervate the ipsilateral orbicularis oculi, the muscle responsible for closing the eyelid.
SVE
Temporal branch
Zygomatic branch
B. The zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve innervate the ipsilateral zygomaticus major muscle, the main muscle responsible for smiling. SVE
Zygomaticus major muscle
C. The buccal branch of the facial nerve innervates the buccinator muscle, the muscle responsible for holding the cheek against the teeth, thus positioning food for chewing.
SVE
Contraction of the buccinator muscle causes tensing of the cheek which helps position food within the occusal plane for chewing
D. The mandibular and buccal branches of the facial nerve innervate the ipsilateral depressor angularis oris muscle, a muscle responsible for frowning.
SVE
Mandibular branch
E. The cervical branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma muscle, a muscle partly responsible for depressing the mandible.
SVE
Platysma muscle
E. The cervical branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma muscle (the shaving muscle), a muscle responsible for tightening the skin of the anterior neck.
SVE
Contraction of platysma muscle causes the skin of the anterior neck to tighten.
Platysma muscle
Summary of SVE
Facial nucleus
Facial canal
Facial nerve Stylomastoid Foramen Posterior auricular N. Posterior auricular muscle responsible for posterior displacement of pinna. Stylohyoid muscle elevates hyoid bone.
Facial nerve Temporal-orbicularis oculi closes eyelids. Zygomatic-zygomaticus major partly responsible for smiling. Buccal-buccinator tenses cheek Mandibular-depressor angularis oris responsible for frowning. Cervical- platysma helps lower mandible and tightens skin of neck.
1. GVA provides sensation of light touch, temperature, and pain from the soft palate. GVA
GSPN
Temperature sensation
soft palate
Summary of GVA
Through the internal acoustic meatus
GSPN
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Facial nerve
1. SVA provides taste sensation from the hard and soft palate via the GSPN. SVA
Hard palate
Soft palate GSPN branches from the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion within the genu of the facial canal. It is made up of fibers from SVA, GVE, and GVA.
Co
Sweetened coffee
2. SVA provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue via the chorda tympani nerve.
SVA
Chorda tympani
Summary of SVA
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Lacerate foramen
GSPN
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Chorda tympani Taste from hard and soft palate. Taste from anterior 2/3 tongue.
Stylomastoid Foramen
1. The GVE component of the facial nerve transmits preganglionic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion via the GSPN. From the pterygopalatine ganglion postganglionic fibers cause ipsilateral lacrimation and mucus secretions of the nasal and oral cavities.
GVE
GSPN
A. Tearing of eye Lacrimal nucleus B. Mucus secretion of nasal cavities C. Mucus secretion of hard and soft palate.
2. The GVE component of the facial nerve transmits preganglionic fibers to the submandibular ganglion via the chorda tympani nerve. From the submandibular ganglion postganglionic fibers innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands, causing salivation.
GVE
Sublingulal gland
Summary of GVE
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Pterygoid canal
Facial canal
Petrotympanic fissure
Chorda tympani
From the submandibular ganglion postganglionic GVE fibers provide salivation in the oral cavity.
1. GSA provides touch, temperature, and pain sensation from the external acoustic meatus. GSA
Cotton swab
Touch, temperature, and pain sensation from part of the external acoustic meatus.
Summary of GSA
Foramen Rotundem
Facial canal
Facial nerve
Touch, temperature, and pain sensation from the external acoustic meatus. Posterior auricular nerve
Question #1
One effect of a lesion here, between the branching of the stapedial nerve and the branching of the chorda tympani nerve, would be:
A. Paralysis of facial muscles A. Paralysis of facial muscles B. Decreased sensation soft palate B. Decreased sensation of soft palate
Question #2
A lesion here, between the branching of the stapedial nerve and the branching of the chorda tympani nerve, will also cause?
A. Loss of light touch from the soft palate B. Loss of taste from the soft palate C. Loss of taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue D. Loss of temperature from the soft palate.
Question #3
One effect of a lesion here, at the stylomastoid foramen will be:
A. Loss of light touch from the soft palate B. Loss of salivation of oral cavity C. Increased sensitivity to loud noises D.Partial loss of sensation of external acoustic meatus
Question #4
A lesion here, between the branching of the GSPN and the branching of the stapedial nerve, will spare:
A. Taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue B. Taste of hard palate C. Salivation in oral cavity D. Ipsilateral facial expression
Question #5
A lesion here, between the branching of the GSPN and the branching of the stapedial nerve, will also spare:
A. Light touch from the soft palate B. Ability to smile C. Taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue D. Protection of the inner ear from loud noises
Thank You
Return to SVE Return to GVA Return to SVA
Return to GVE
Return to GSA
Incorrect
The GVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing sensation from the soft palate.
Incorrect
The stapedial nerve (SVE), which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for protecting the ear from increased sensitivity to loud noises.
Incorrect
The SVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing taste from the hard palate.
Incorrect
The GVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing light touch from the soft palate.
Incorrect
The SVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing taste from the soft palate.
Incorrect
The GVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing temperature sensation from the soft palate.
Incorrect
The GVA component of the GSPN, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing light touch from the soft palate.
Incorrect
The GVE component of the chorda tympani nerve, which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for providing salivation of the oral cavity.
Incorrect
The stapedial nerve (SVE), which is spared by this lesion, is responsible for protecting the ear from increased sensitivity to loud noises.
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, which is supplied via the SVA component of the chorda tympani nerve.
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare salivation of the oral cavity, which is supplied by the GVE component of the chorda tympani nerve.
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare ipsilateral facial expression, which is supplied by the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches of the facial nerve (SVE).
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare the ability to smile, which is supplied by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (SVE).
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare the ability to taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, which is supplied by the SVA component of the chorda tympani nerve.
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare the ability to smile, which is supplied by the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve (SVE).
Incorrect
This lesion will not spare the ability to protect the ear from loud noises, which is supplied by the stapedial nerve (SVE).
Correct!
A lesion here will cause paralysis of facial muscles due to its disruption of the SVE component.
Go back to question 1
Next question
Correct!
A lesion here will cause a loss of taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue due to the disruption of the SVA component of the chorda tympani nerve.
Go back to question 2
Next question
Correct!
A lesion here will cause partial loss of sensation (light touch, temperature, and pain) of the external acoustic meatus due to disruption of the GSA component of the posterior auricular nerve.
Go back to question 3
Next question
Correct!
A lesion here will spare a persons ability to taste on the hard and soft palate because the SVA component of the Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve (GSPN) remains intact.
Go back to question 4
Next question
Correct!
A lesion here will spare the sensation of light touch of the soft palate because the GVA component of the GSPN remains intact.
Go back to question 5
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