Atomic Mass and Atomic

Number
 The discovery of the subatomic
particles prompted other scientists
to study the variations in the
characteristics of elements. Henry
Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
experimentally found that different
metals bombarded with electrons
produced varying frequencies of X-
rays.
 Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
He attributed
these results to
the differences
in the positive
charge in the
nucleus of the
elements
 Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
He correlated
the frequencies
to whole numbers,
which he assigned
to each element –
the atomic
numbers.
 Atomic Number
Serves as the
identity of an atom
Given the symbol Z, Atomic Mass
the atomic number
X
A
Element
refers to the Z
Atomic Number
number of protons in
the nucleus of each
atom of an element.
 Atomic Number
In a neutral atom,
the number of
protons is equal to
Atomic Mass
the number of
X
A
electrons. Z
Element

Atomic Number
Therefore, the
atomic number also
indicates the number
of electrons in a
neutral atom
 Atomic Number
For example, the
atomic number of
carbon is 6. This
means that each
neutral carbon
atom has 6 protons
and 6 electrons.
 Atomic Mass
The atomic mass,
given the symbol
A, is the total Atomic Mass

number of
X
A
Element
Z
neutrons and Atomic Number

protons present in
the nucleus of an
atom of an
element.
 Atomic Mass

Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons

= atomic number + number of neutrons
 Dmitri Mendeleev
Arranged the
elements according
to their atomic
masses in 1869. He
paved the way for
the construction
of the present
periodic table.
 Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley
Moseley argued
and confirmed in
1913 that the
basis for the
arrangement in
the periodic table
should be the
atomic number.
Periodic Table of Elements
 Sample Problem
40
The isotope 20 Ca is produced during
stellar evolution. How many protons.
Neutrons, and electrons are there in
40
one atom of 20 Ca?
Solution:
The atomic number of 20Ca is 20,
40

which is equal to the number of

proton. Since it is a neutral atom.
 Sample Problem
40
The isotope Ca is produced during
20

stellar evolution. How many protons.

Neutrons, and electrons are there in
40
one atom of 20 Ca?
Solution:

number of protons = number of electrons = 20

Number of neutrons = A – Z = 40-20= 20.
 Sample Problem
40
The isotope Ca is produced during
20

stellar evolution. How many protons.

Neutrons, and electrons are there in
40
one atom of 20 Ca?
Solution:

number of protons = number of electrons = 20

Number of neutrons = A – Z = 40-20= 20.
 Activity
Element Symbol Z A No. of No. of No. of
Neutrons Protons Electrons
Potassium 19 39
Magnesium 12 24
Nitrogen 7 14
Gold 79 197
Aluminum 13 27
Radium 88 226
Barium 56 137
Krypton 36 84
Nickel 28 59
Zirconium 40 65
 24

12
Mg
Proton = 12
Electron = 12
Atomic mass = 24
Neutron = 12
 36
18
Ar
Proton = 18
Electron = 18
Atomic mass = 36
Neutron = 18