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WK 2 - Introduction To Ethics
WK 2 - Introduction To Ethics
WK 2 - Introduction To Ethics
Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and
is also described as moral philosophy.
The term is derived from the Greek word “ethos” which can mean
custom, habit, character or disposition.
Ethics covers the following dilemmas:
Religion
- murder is wrong because it offends God
- hard to apply in pluralistic society
Law
- murder is wrong because it violates the law
- in theory “laws equally apply to all members of the society
- in actual “ laws are not uniform boundaries ; some laws are morally
wrong ex. Death penalty
Approaches to ethical issues
Deontological theories
Utilitarian theories
Contractarial theories
Ethical Egoism
Deontological theories
Social contract – the concept that for a society to arise and maintain
order a morality based set of rules must be agreed upon
Ethical Egoism
Nicollo Machiavaeli
“the end justifies the means”
Ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own
self interest .
Four Disciplines / Divisions in Philosophy:
Character vs Personality
Character Personality
Objective in nature ; within a person It is subjective. It changes at point in time.
A particular system of trait that is permanent A set of characteristics that each person
to each person possesses
It is molded depending on his environment It influences how one behaves as well as one’s
motivation.
One’s character shows on how the person acts The image that one presents in front of other.
and reacts to his or her peers and how she or
he deals with everything that happens around
him or her
Why do we need ethics ?
What use is ethics?
If ethical theories are to be useful in practice, they need to affect
the way human beings behave.
Some philosophers think that ethics does do this. They argue that if
a person realises that it would be morally good to do something then it
would be irrational for that person not to do it.
But human beings often behave irrationally - they follow their 'gut
instinct' even when their head suggests a different course of action.
However, ethics does provide good tools for thinking about moral
issues.
Ethics guides us like a map
Where does ethics come from?
Philosophers have several answers to this question: