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    Bab II Crs Pneumonia

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    Nur Faydotus Salsabila
    This document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Some key points include: - Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is filled with pus and fluid instead of air as normal. - Major causes are viruses, bacteria and fungi. Risk factors include age under 2 or over 65, hospitalization, chronic diseases and smoking. - Symptoms include cough, fever, fast breathing, difficulty breathing and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like labs and imaging. - Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and antibiotics depending on cause. Complications can include empyema

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    Bab II Crs Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Nur Faydotus Salsabila
    22 views20 pages
    This document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Some key points include: - Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is filled with pus and fluid instead of air as normal. - Major causes are viruses, bacteria and fungi. Risk factors include age under 2 or over 65, hospitalization, chronic diseases and smoking. - Symptoms include cough, fever, fast breathing, difficulty breathing and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like labs and imaging. - Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and antibiotics depending on cause. Complications can include empyema

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    This document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Some key points include: - Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is filled with pus and fluid instead of air as normal. - Major causes are viruses, bacteria and fungi. Risk factors include age under 2 or over 65, hospitalization, chronic diseases and smoking. - Symptoms include cough, fever, fast breathing, difficulty breathing and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like labs and imaging. - Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and antibiotics depending on cause. Complications can include empyema

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views20 pages

    Bab II Crs Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Nur Faydotus Salsabila
    This document discusses pneumonia, including its definition, causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Some key points include: - Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is filled with pus and fluid instead of air as normal. - Major causes are viruses, bacteria and fungi. Risk factors include age under 2 or over 65, hospitalization, chronic diseases and smoking. - Symptoms include cough, fever, fast breathing, difficulty breathing and cyanosis. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like labs and imaging. - Treatment is supportive with oxygen, fluids and antibiotics depending on cause. Complications can include empyema

    Copyright:

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    of 20

    BAB II

    PNEUMONIA
    Infeksi peradangan akut parenkim paru

    Normal → terisi udara


    Pneumonia → nanah dan cairan

    World Health Organization. Pneumonia [internet]. 11 November 2021. – Diakses 4 September 2022. Available From: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia
    Epidemiologi
    WHO 2019 → usia <5 tahun 740.180 meninggal
    14% dari total kematian anak <5 tahun

    World Health Organization. Pneumonia [internet]. 11 November 2021. – Diakses 4 September 2022. Available From: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia
    Epidemiologi
    RISKESDAS 2018 → Terbanyak Jawa Barat 186.809 orang atau 4,7% dari
    total penduduk.

    Sumatera Barat → 20.663 jiwa dan 2.179 terjadi pada balita

    Kementerian Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Jakarta; Desember 2018.
     Etiologi
    • Virus (Human Respiratory syncytial virus)
    • Bakteri (S. Pneumoniae, HiB, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, streptokokus
    grup B, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, dan Listeria monocytogenes)
    • Jamur (pneumocystis jiroveci)

    GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: a
    systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Nov;18(11):1191-1210.
    Faktor Risiko
    • Kelompok usia <2 tahun dan >65 tahun
    • Rawatan di rumah sakit
    • Orang dengan penyakit kronis
    • Orang yang merokok.
    • Orang defisiensi imun.

    Vivi Ninda Sutriana, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Abdul Wahab. Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in a high prevalence area in Indonesia. CEP. 2021;64:588-595.
    Faktor Risiko

    Bengoechea JA, Sa Pessoa J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019 Mar 01;43(2):123-144.
    Klasifikasi
    • Community-acquired pneumonia.
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia.
    • Health care-acquired pneumonia
    • Pneumonia Aspirasi

    Vivi Ninda Sutriana, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Abdul Wahab. Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in a high prevalence area in Indonesia. CEP. 2021;64:588-595.
    Patofisiologi

    Zar HJ. Bacterial and viral pneumonia: New insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Sep;24:8-10.
    Patofisiologi

    Zar HJ. Bacterial and viral pneumonia: New insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Sep;24:8-10.
    Patofisiologi

    Zar HJ. Bacterial and viral pneumonia: New insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Sep;24:8-10.
    Patofisiologi

    Zar HJ. Bacterial and viral pneumonia: New insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Sep;24:8-10.
    Patofisiologi

    Kongesti Hepatisas
    Vaskular i Merah

    Hepatisas
    Resolusi i Abu-Abu

    Zar HJ. Bacterial and viral pneumonia: New insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2017 Sep;24:8-10.
    Manifestasi Klinis
    • Batuk
    • Demam
    • Takipnea
    • Dispnea
    • Sianosis
    • Malas makan ataupun menyusu

    National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pediatric Pneumonia [internet]. 8 Mei 2022. -Diakses 5 September 2022 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536940/
    Diagnosis
    Anamnesis
    • durasi gejala
    • Pajanan
    • Perjalanan
    • riwayat kontak sakit
    • riwayat penyakit kronis
    • gejala berulang
    • Tersedak
    • riwayat imunisasi
    • kesehatan bayi
    • komplikasi kelahiran pada neonatus
    National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pediatric Pneumonia [internet]. 8 Mei 2022. -Diakses 5 September 2022 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536940/
    Diagnosis
    Pemeriksaan Fisik
    • Observasi distres pernafasan
    • Auskultasi: rhonki dan penurunan suara nafas

    National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pediatric Pneumonia [internet]. 8 Mei 2022. -Diakses 5 September 2022 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536940/
    Diagnosis
    Pemeriksaan Lanjutan:
    • Pemeriksaan laboratorium
    • Pemeriksaan Radiologi

    National Center for Biotechnology Information. Pediatric Pneumonia [internet]. 8 Mei 2022. -Diakses 5 September 2022 Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536940/
    Tatalaksana

    Suportif Simptomatis
    • Antibiotik • Oksigen
    • Drainase • Antipiretik
    • Cairan

    Matera MG, Rogliani P, Ora J, Cazzola M. Current pharmacotherapeutic options for pediatric lower respiratory tract infections with a focus on antimicrobial agents.  Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Dec;19(18):2043-2053. 
    Komplikasi
    • Empiema
    • Efusi pleura
    • Abses paru
    • Pneumonia nekrotik
    • Sepsis

    Matera MG, Rogliani P, Ora J, Cazzola M. Current pharmacotherapeutic options for pediatric lower respiratory tract infections with a focus on antimicrobial agents.  Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Dec;19(18):2043-2053. 
    Prognosis
    Baik
    • Tanpa penyakit kronis
    • Tidak immunosupresi

    Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, Ampofo K, Bramley AM, Reed C, et al. CDC EPIC Study Team. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):835-45. 

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