Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager
HSDPA RRM & parameters
HSUPA RRM & parameters
HSPA+ features & parameters

1 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Load Control:
Module Objectives

At the end of the module you will be able to:

• Describe the principles of Load Control and it's parameters in detail

• Describe the relationships of Load Control with AC and PS
• Identify the parameters influencing BTS load measurements

2 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Load Control

• Load Control Functions

• Radio Interface Load
• Power based Radio Resource Management
• Throughput based Radio Resource Management
• Planning thresholds for cell loading
• BTS Measurements and Reporting
• Common Measurements
• Dedicated Measurements
• Filtering of Measurements
• Cell Level parameters for better UL Load control
• Automatic Access Class Restriction

3 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Load Control Functional Overview

• LC is a cell based RRM Function, utilising cell specific:

• thresholds set by RNP, RNC
• load measurements, LC
• AC, PS & LC algorithms. PS
RM
AC
• LC performs the function of load control
in association with AC & PS
• LC updates load status using resource measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS
• Continuously feeds cell load information to the other RRM functions, e.g. PS & AC

4 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Load Control Functional Overview
RRM in RNC
when
changed Load change info
parameters
Load status request
AC
Load change
estimations
WBTS NB/RS
parameters
NBAP-PRIVATE:
RRIndPeriod or PS
Load status
3GPP NBAP :
COMMON MEASUREMENT LC measurements Load change
estimations
REPORT
measurements estimations
PRACH load
measurement Scheduling
period
NRT load
Dedicated measurement
reporting

5 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Load Control

• Load Control Functions

• Radio Interface Load
• Power based Radio Resource Management
• Throughput based Radio Resource Management
• Planning thresholds for cell loading
• BTS Measurements and Reporting
• Common Measurements
• Dedicated Measurements
• Filtering of Measurements
• Cell Level parameters for better UL Load control
• Automatic Access Class Restriction

6 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

NSN RRM: Power & Throughput based

• DL uses Power Measurements and calculations for RRM decisions

Ptx _ total
hDL =
P _ BTS max
tx

• UL uses Power & Throughput estimations and calculations for RRM decisions

Prx _ noise 1 N
hUL = 1 - = 1- h UL = (1 + i ) × å L j changed

Prx _ total NR j =1

defining Load 1 defining Little i

Lj   Slide 9
 = 0% – 100% W / Rj 1
1 
Eb / N 0  j j changed

7 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Radio Interface Load

· The BTS measures the total received power (PrxTotal) and the total transmitted power
(PtxTotal) on cell basis
· The BTS reports PrxTotal & PtxTotal of each cell to the RNC
· LC updates
· Cell load status for each cell based on RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION
· Non-controllable UL (PrxNC) & DL (PtxNC) load in cell
· Semi-controllable UL (Prx_SC) & DL (Ptx_SC) load in the cell (related to PS Streaming)
· AC and PS algorithms work on the current cell load status provided by LC
· Denying call admission (AC) & throttling back NRT traffic (PS) are the overload actions
· After scheduling PS provides LC with PrxNRT, PtxNRT & LNRT estimates
· After admitting RT RAB, AC provides LC with NC load increase estimate

8 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

System Noise & PrxNoise Auto-tuning Algorithm
PrxNoise
• System noise PrxNoise is the sum of all stationary noises: WCEL: -130..-50; 0.1; -105 dBm
• thermal noise
• interference caused by spurious emissions of other systems,
• noise caused by additional equipment such as repeaters
• PrxNoise can vary place to place & even time to time
• PrxNoise setting affects the capacity of cell:
• PrxNoise too low: overestimation of cell load and can lead to unnecessary call blocking
• PrxNoise too high: underestimation of cell load and can lead to overload situation
PrxNoiseAutotuning
WCEL: 0 (Off) / 1 (On)
• RNC provides Autotuning-Tool to measure unloaded system noise:
PrxUnloaded; it adjusts PrxNoise parameter based on these measurements UnloadedRT
RNC: 0..0.1; 0.01; 0.02
• PrxTotal = PrxUnloaded when own cell considered unloaded / very low load;
LRT  UnloadedRT & LNRT  UnloadedNRT & no EDCH users in the cell
UnloadedNRT
UnloadedRT & UnloadedNRT are RNC parameters (default values for NRT: 1 %, RT: 2 %) RNC: 0..0.1; 0.01; 0.01

LRT & LNRT: UL load factor for own cell RT (AC estimates) & NRT users (PS estimates)
• PrxNoise updated by the autotuning algorithm based on PrxUnloaded PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute
• PrxNoise autotuning step size limited by PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute WAC: 0..60; 0.5; 255 dB
255 dB: Autotuning is not limited

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UL Preventive & Overload Thresholds
PrxTarget: WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1; 4dB
PrxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB

Overloaded Area
Noise Rise [dB]

PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area Prx Target [dB]

Feasible Load Area

PrxTarget =  10  Log 10 1    dB 

load factor 
Range [0..1]
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1
 DL Preventive & Overload Thresholds

PtxTarget: WCEL; -10 .. 50; 0.1; 40 dBm

PtxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB Cell Maximum

PtxCellMax WCEL: 0…50; 0.1; 43dBm

Total transmitted

Ptx Total [dBm]

Overloaded Area
power

Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area Ptx Target [dBm]

Feasible Load Area

load factor

11 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1 Range [0..1]
Load Control

• Load Control Functions

• Radio Interface Load
• Power based Radio Resource Management
• Throughput based Radio Resource Management
• Planning thresholds for cell loading
• BTS Measurements and Reporting
• Common Measurements
• Dedicated Measurements
• Filtering of Measurements
• Cell Level parameters for better UL Load control
• Automatic Access Class Restriction

12 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Common measurements taken & reported by WBTS
• PtxTotal – Transmitted Carrier Power
• Nokia Private NBAP
• PtxNonHSPATransmitted Code Power of all codes not used for HSDPA
• Nokia Private NBAP
• PrxTotal – Received Total Wideband Power
• Nokia Private NBAP
• REPS – Received E-DCH Power Share
• Nokia Private NBAP
• Acknowledged PRACH preambles
• Nokia Private NBAP
• Provided HSDPA Bitrate
• Provided HSUPA Bitrate RRM in RNC needs this information for Streaming mapped on HSPA
(NST – Non Scheduled Transmission)
• Required Power

Nokia Private part is protocol extension specified in 3GPP

13 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1
WBTS Common Measurements sent to CRNC

WBTS sends measurements periodically according setting of RRM parameter:

RRIndPeriod
Radio Resource Indication Period
WBTS; 200 .. 2000; 100; 400 ms

RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT

(Nokia Private part)

RACHloadIndicationPeriod
WBTS; 0 (Off); 1 .. 20; 1; 1 RRI report

14 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Measurement filtering & reporting criteria in BTS

• BTS measurements are averaged/filtered in BTS before reporting

• L1 filtering
• L3 filtering Step 1:
L1 Filtering:
• Higher Layer filtering 1 Frame = 10 ms
• BTS reports measurements to RNC when needed Step 2
L1 measurement period
• Reporting criteria (= L1 Filtering)
= 100 ms = 10 frames
( Slide 30)
Step 3:
L3 Filtering:
RRI period = 400 ms
( Slide 27)

15 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

L1 Filtering: Prx and Ptx Total Measurements
0 1 2 ... 14
Frame Prx and Ptx Total
measurements

1 14
Prx / tx Total 
15
P
0
rx / tx Total
PrxTotal/PtxTotal

Frame average measurements

16 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

L3 filtering: Higher layer filtering
• The Measurement Filter Coefficient (k) IE indicates how filtering of the measurement
MeasFiltCoeff
values shall be performed before measurement event evaluation and reporting. Measurement filter
• The averaging shall be performed according to the following formula. coefficient k
• L1 measurement period is 100 ms (20 ms for Acknowledged PRACH preambles) WBTS; 0 (Off); 1..14;
1; 5

Filter response
Filter response

-101.5
42 Change
-102 41 MO clas
40
-102.5
39
-103
Measured 38
Value, dB

Measured

Value, dB
-103.5 Filtered, k = 3 37 Filtered, k = 3
Filtered, k = 7 Filtered, k = 7
-104 36

35
-104.5
34
-105
33

-105.5 32
11
13

17
19

25

29
31
1
3
5
7
9

15

21
23

27

33
t

15

21
23

27

33
1
3
5
7
9
11
13

17
19

25

29
31
t
Measurements Measurements

Examples: The higher the coefficient value, the more emphasis on old
k=2, a=0,5  both an old filtered measurement and a new measurement filtered measurements
have the weight of 50%
K = 0  a = 1  no L3 filtering

17 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Measurement filtering

• The RNC can order BTSs to report cell-based & connection-based measurements only if internal
thresholds are exceeded.
• However, a report is sent at least once per 10 reporting periods (RNP parameters).
• The filtering functionality decreases the amount of measurement messages between the BTS and the
RNC and thus decreases the load of RNC computer units.
• Internally RNC repeats the cell based measurements every WBTS: RRIndPeriod to provide RRM
functions a continuous flow of measurements

BTS Measurements

Reporting period

RRIndPeriod
WBTS; 200 .. 2000;
100; 400 ms 10 * Reporting period

18 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

WBTS Measurements sent to CRNC
non-configurable:
WBTS can filter a measurement report (not sent to RNC) – PtxTotalLoadThreshold: 20%
• only inform RNC about important load changes
PtxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.5dB
• reduce common NBAP signaling on IuB interface
PrxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.2dB

RNC provides load threshold and value change threshold to WBTS

Parameter settings for

Measured PtxTotal Measurement
entity

Max amount of
consecutive filtered
reports
Change threshold
Reporting period 0,5 dB
Load Threshold

20 % of Ptx max

Report Report Report Report Report

Report Time

19 © Nokia Siemens Networks RN31643EN40GLA1

Dedicated Measurements in BTS

• Transmitted Code Power

• WBTS send periodic measurement reports with code power measurement results from all Radio
Links (UEs in Cell_DCH)

• Depending on allocated service type WBTS applies different reporting frequency:

DedicatedMeasReportPeriod
• CS Services & SRB: WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 2.5 s

DediMeasRepPeriodCSdata
• CS Data Services: WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 1.5 s

DediMeasRepPeriodPSdata
• PS Data Services: WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 0.5 s

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