CHAPTER 1

HISTORICAL
ANTECEDENTS IN THE
COURSE OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
ANCIENT
TIMES
In the ancient times,
people were concerned
with transportation,
communication and
record keeping, mass
production, security and
protection.
As well as health,
aesthetics and
architecture.
In the ancient times
the following early
civilizations are known
for their technological
advancements;
Sumerian
Babylonian
Egyptian
 SUMERIAN
CIVILIZATION
Question
What do you think the
writing system of
Sumerians in the early
times?
Answer:
Cuneiform
Cuneiform utilizes word
pictures, triangular
symbols which are
curved on clay using
wedge instruments and
left dry.
Question
The Sumerian built the
first true city in the
world. What do you
that city?
Choices:
a. Uruk City
b. Upuk City
Answer:
The City of Uruk
This city was primarily
made of mud or clay
from river, which they
mixed with reeds and
producing sun- backed
bricks.
Sumerians are also
known for the
following;
Sailboats
Obviously, sailboats
were created for
better transportation.
Wheel
These wheels were
used for farm works
and food processes.
The Plow
The plow was created
to dig the earth in a
faster pace.
BABYLONIAN
CIVILIZATION
The Babylonians
were great builders,
engineers, and
architects.
Question
It was said to be a
structure made up of
layers of gardens.
Choices:
a. Floating Gardens of
Babylon
b. Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
Why do you think
Hanging Gardens of
Babylon built?
It was built by King
Nebuchadnezzar II
for his wife Queen
Amytis.
King Nebuchadnezzar II
 EGYPTIAN
CIVILIZATION
Aside from engineering
and technology,
Egyptians are known
for other practical
things.
True of False
Egyptians were the
first to use papers for
their writing system.
One of the earlier
contributions of
Egyptians was the
papyrus or paper.
Papyrus or paper
Papyrus Plant
Egyptians also have
the following
contributions;
Ink
As the result of the
invention of papyrus,
Egyptians invented
the ink.
Hieroglyphics
It is the writing
system of Egyptians,
which includes
symbols.
Cosmetics
Egyptians believed that
a person wearing a
make- up was
protected by evil and
that beauty was a sign
of holiness.
Wig
The wigs are used to
protect the shaved
heads of wealthy
Egyptians from the
harmful rays of the
sun.
Water Clock/
Clepsydra
The water clock was
widely used as a
timekeeping device
during the ancient
times.
OTHER CIVILIZATIONS
IN THE ANCIENT
TIMES
GREEK CIVILIZATION
Greek Civilization
contributed much
more on fields of
Science and
Technology.
Question
It is one of most
utilized gadgets today
that was invented by
the Ancient Greeks.
Choices:
a. Alarm Clock
b. Calculator
Alarm Clock
They made use of
water (or sometimes
sand) that dropped
into drums which
sounded the alarm.
Water Mill
Water Mills are
commonly used for
agricultural processes
like milling of grains.
 ROMAN
CIVILIZATION
The Roman Empire
was consider the
cradle of politics and
governance.
Newspaper
Newspaper was first
used by the Roman
Empire.
Question
Newspapers were first
known as.
Choices:
a. gazettes
b. gazetter
c. atlas
d. encyclopedia
The first newspapers
were known as
gazettes, contained
announcements of
the Roman Empire to
the people.
Bound Books or Codex
With the papyrus
papers bound
together, Roman
Empire was able to
produce the first books
or codex.
Roman Numerals
To keep up with high
calculation
requirements due to
the increasing rate of
communication and
trade among nations.
 CHINESE
CIVILIZATION
The Chinese civilization
was considered to be
the oldest civilization
in Asia, if not the
world.
Silk
The silk trade was
the key that opened
China to the outside
world.
Tea Production
It was believed that
the first tea was drunk
by a Chinese Emperor.
Great Wall of China
It was constructed to
keep out foreign
invaders and control
the borders of China.
Additionally, it was the
largest and most
extensive
infrastructure that the
nation built.
Gunpowder
Originally, it was
developed by Chinese
alchemists who aimed
to achieve immortality.
But instead of creating
an elixir of life, they
accidentally created a
black powder.
 MEDIEVAL/
MIDDLE AGES
This period was
concerned with
massive invasions and
migrations.
Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg
was able to invent
the printing press.
Microscope
Johann Gutenberg
Zacharias Janssen was
able to develop the
first compound
microscope.
Zacharias Janssen
Telescope
Middle Age is also
known as the Age of
Exploration.
Eventually, Galileo
Galilei devised the
telescope because of
high need of nautical
inventions.
Galileo Galilei
MODERN
TIMES
Nineteenth century is
the period where
population is rapidly
increasing.
Pasteurization
Food safety and food
preservation became
an issue in the modern
times.
Louis Pasteur, a French
biologist, invented
pasteurization.
Louis Pasteur
It is a process of
heating dairy products
to kill harmful bacteria
that allow them to
spoil faster.
Telephone
Alexander Graham
Bell invented the
telephone to discuss or
addressed things at the
fastest possible time.
Calculator
Early calculators had
already been developed
but during the modern
times, people need to
compute more
complicated equations.
The creation of
modern calculators
have developed.
Eventually,
computers were
developed.
Who was the first
inventor of calculator?
Wilhelm Schickard
Philippine
Inventions
 Salamander
Amphibious Tricycle
During the rainy
season, flooding is a
common occurrence
in many areas in the
country.
To remedy the issue,
Victor Llave and his
team at H2O
Technologies were able
to invent the
Salamander.
Victor Llave
SALt lamp
Aisa Mijeno was able
to invent a lighting
system that utilizes a
material abundant in
the Philippines-
saltwater
She invented the
Sustainable
Alternative Lighting
(SALt) lamp.
Aisa Mijeno
Medical Incubator
Because of high
mortality rate of
newborn babies, Dr. Fe
Del Mundo devised
the medical incubator.
Dr. Fe Del Mundo
 Mosquito
Ovicidal/Larvicidal
Trap or OL trap
In 2010, The Department
of Science and
Technology- Industrial
Technology
Development Institute-
(DOST- ITDI) devised the
OL- Trap.
This trap system is
made of natural
ingredients that are
lethal to mosquitos
but safe for humans
and the environment.
Ejeepney
Ejeepneys were
created because of
large of pollution in the
Philippines
Ejeepneys were
created by the PhUV or
the Philippine Utility
Vehicles.