LECTURE 4

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
W O R K S H O P AT U N I V E R S I TA S M U H A M M A D I YA H S U R A K A R TA
15-16 JUNE 2022
EFFICACY OF OUTDOOR LEARNING ON CHILDREN BEHAVIORAL AND
SOCIAL INTERACTION THROUGH FARMING DESIGN PROCESS IN
LAMAN TAMARA MALAYSIA (BY MEGA SURIA)
Layer Types of Method Adapted Method
Research Philosophy Positivism, Constructivism, Constructivism, Interpretivism
Interpretivism, Pragmatism
Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Inductive
Methodological Choice Mono method, mixed-method, multi- Multi-method qualitative
method
Research Strategy Experiment, Case study, Ethnography and  
Phenomenology, Grounded Theory Action research

Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section Cross-section

Data Collection and Analysis
Go-along interview, auto-photography,  
focus group discussion, participant
Go-along interview, participant
observation, survey questionnaires,
observation, focus group discussion,
document review, content analysis,
content analysis
interpretative statistics
(observation, photos, drawings,
videos, audios & questionnaires)
ECOLOGICAL LITERACY OF CHILDREN ON BIODIVERSITY IN RURAL
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL LEARNING (BY SARAH ALIA)
Layer Types of Method Adapted Method
Research Philosophy Positivism, Constructivism, Constructivism
Interpretivism, Pragmatism
Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Deductive and inductive
Methodological Choice Mono-method, mixed-method, Multi-method qualitative
multi-method
Research Strategy Experiment, Case Study, Phenomenology
Ethnography and Phenomenology,
Grounded Theory
Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section Cross-section
Data Collection and Analysis Go-along interview, auto- Participation observation, go-
photography, focus group along interview, photography,
discussion, participant drawings and mapping
observation, survey
questionnaires, document review,
content analysis, interpretative
statistics
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF
NEIGHBOURHOD (BY ROHANA)
Layer
Research Philosophy
Research Approach
Methodological Choice
Research Strategy
Time Horizon
Data Collection and Analysis
COMMUNITY IN RIVER
Types of Method Adapted Method
Positivism, Constructivism, Pragmatism
Interpretivism, Pragmatism
Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Deductive and inductive
Mono-method, mixed-method, Mixed-method
multi-method
Experiment, Case Study, Ethnomethodology
Ethnography and
Phenomenology, Grounded
Theory
Longitudinal, Cross-section Cross-section
Go-along interview, auto- Survey questionnaire, focus
photography, focus group group discussion, personal
discussion, participant interview, expert interview,
observation, survey observation, interpretative
questionnaires, document review, statistic, content analysis
content analysis, interpretative
statistics
AFFORDANCES AND SENSIBILITIES OF RURAL FISHING VILLAGE AS
OUTDOOR PLAY SPACE FOR BAJAU UBIAN CHILDREN (BY JANATUN)
Layer Types of Method Adapted Method
Research Philosophy Positivism, Constructivism, Interpretivism
Interpretivism, Pragnatism
Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Deductive and Inductive
Abductive
Methodological Choice Mono method, mixed-method, Multi-method
multi-method
Research Strategy Experiment, Case study, Ethnography and
Ethnography and Phenomenology
Phenomenology, Grounded
Theory
Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section Cross-section
Data Collection and Go-along interview, auto- Go-along interview, auto-
Analysis photography, focus group photography, participant
discussion, participant observation, focus group
observation, survey discussion, content analysis,
questionnaires, document and interpretative statistics
review, content analysis,
interpretative statistics
 PARADOX OF CARBON SOURCE AND CARBON SINK BY URBAN
PARK MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA (BY ZULIZA)
Layer Types of Method
Research Philosophy Positivism, Constructivism,
Interpretivism, Pragmatism
Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Abductive
Methodological Choice Mono method, mixed-method, multi-
method
Research Strategy Experiment, Case study, Ethnography
and Phenomenology, Grounded Theory
Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section
Data Collection and Analysis Go-along interview, auto-photography,
focus group discussion, participant
observation, survey questionnaires,
document review, content analysis,
interpretative statistics
Adapted Method
Post-positivism
Deductive
Mixed-method Exploratory
Sequential Design
Experiment
Cross-section
Expert verification (discussion),
Field Observation, Field
Measurement, Document Analysis
(As-built Documents)
Photogrammetry, Emission
Simulation Software, Allometric
Equation, Normalized Root Mean
Squared Error Analysis
EFFECTS OF GREENERY ON THERMAL COMFORT OF STUDENTS IN
NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES (BY ABDULKARIM)
Layer Types and Methods Adapted Method
Research Philosophy Positivism,Constructivism,Interpretivism, Positivism
Pragmatism

Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Deductive

Methodological Choice Mono-method, Mixed-method, Multi- Multi-method
method
Research Strategy Experiment,Case Study, Ethnography, Experiment, Case Study
Phenomenology, Grounded Theory
Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section Cross-section
Data Collection Go-along interview, auto-photography, Survey questionnaire, Field
focus group discussion, participant measurement
observation, survey questionnaires,
Field measurement, document review
Data Analysis content analysis, interpretative statistics, Survey Questionnaire Analysis
Simulation Etc.  Statistics
- SPSS
 SEM
- SEM AMOS
Experimental Process
 Simulation
- ENVI-met
- Rayman
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF KANO EMIR PALACE FOR THE RESILIENCE OF
ITS CULTURAL HERITAGE IN HAUSALAND MILIUE (BY SALIM)
Layer Types of Method Adapted Method
Research Philosophy Positivism, Constructivism, Pragmatism
Interpretivism, Pragmatism
Research Approach Deductive, Inductive, Abductive Deductive and Inductive
Methodological Choice Mono method, mixed-method, Mixed-method
multi-method
Research Strategy Experiment, Case study, Ethnography and
Ethnography and Phenomenology
Phenomenology, Grounded
Theory
Time Horizon Longitudinal, Cross-section Longitudinal
Data Collection and Go-along interview, auto- Interview, document review
Analysis photography, focus group participant observation,
discussion, participant focus group discussion,
observation, survey survey
questionnaires, document
review, content analysis,
interpretative statistics
THANK YOU

SEE YOU!