Objectives:

1. Illustrates quadratic equations

2. Writes quadratic equation in
standard form.
 Meaning of Quadratic Equation
QUADRATIC EQUATION
is an equation of degree 2. So, the HIGHEST
EXPONENT of a quadratic equation is 2.

Examples:
 Other Examples
1. 2x ( x + 3 ) = 12 It is a Quadratic Equation, why?

2x ( x + 3 ) = 12 Multiply 2x by (x + 3)
2x2 + 6x = 12 using distributive
property the result is a second
degree equation, therefore it is
quadratic equation.
 Other Examples
2. (2x + 3) ( 2x – 3) = 5 It is a Quadratic Equation, why?

(2x + 3) ( 2x - 3 ) = 5
SPECIAL PRODUCT:
Multiply PRODUCT OF SUM
(2x +3) by (2x - 3) AND DIFFERENCE OF
TWO BINOMIALS
4x2 - 9 = 5 the result is a
second degree equation,
(X+Y(X-Y) = X 2 – Y 2
therefore it is quadratic
equation.
 Other Examples
2. (2x + 3) ( 2x + 3) = 5
This is a Quadratic Equation, why?

(2x + 3) ( 2x + 3 ) = 5
SPECIAL PRODUCT:
Multiply PRODUCT OF SQUARE
(2x +3) by (2x + 3) OF A BINOMIAL
(x+y(x+y) = x 2+2xy+y2
(2x)2 + 2(2x)(3) + (3)2 = 5
4x2 + 12x + 9 = 5
(x-y(x-y) = x 2-2xy+y2
the result is a second degree
equation, therefore it is quadratic
equation.
 STANDARD FORM
The STANDARD FORM of a quadratic equation is
ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b & c are real numbers
and a ≠ 0. The order of the equation must be
quadratic term, linear term, constant and equal
to zero.
The value of a = 1, b = – 2 and c = 1.
The quadratic equation is in standard
form.
The value of a = 3, b = 0 and c = – 36.
The quadratic equation is in
standard form.
Illustration 4: In this
quadratic equation, the
constant or the “c” is
missing but still in
standard form. It is
because the quadratic
term is written first then
the linear term and equal
to 0.

The value of a = 1, b = 2 and c = 0. The

quadratic equation is in standard form.
Illustration 5: These quadratic equations are not written
in standard form. It is because the ORDER which is
quadratic term first, then the linear term, then the
constant and equal to 0, is not followed.
 
1. – 5x2 = x the equation is not equal to 0.
2. – 27t + 11t2 = 0 the linear term is written first.
3. 7 + 4r + 2r2 = 0 the constant is written first
and the quadratic term last.
1. – 5x2 = x 2. – 27t + 11t2 = 0 3. 7 + 4r + 2r2 = 0
– 5x2 - x= 0 2r2 + 4r + 7 = 0
a= -5 11t2 -27t = 0 a= 2
b=-1 a= 11 b=4
c=0 b = - 27 c=7
Write the quadratic equation into standard
form, ax2 + bx + c = 0 then identify the values of
a, b and c.
 
1. 2x + 3 = – 5x2 2. 11t2 = 27t - 4 3. 4r = 2r2

1. 2x + 3 = – 5x2 2. 11t2 = 27t - 4 3. 4r = 2r2

5x2 +2x+3 = 0 11t2 -27t + 4 = 0 -2r2 + 4r = 0
a= 5 a= 11 a= -2
b=2 b = - 27 b=4
c=3 c=4 c=0
 Objective

Solves quadratic equations by

extracting square roots
Solving Quadratic Equations means
- finding the values of the variable
that will make the quadratic equation
true.
- finding the zeroes of the quadratic
equation.
- Finding the roots of the quadratic
equation
Example:
What must be the value/s of x to make the
equation true?
x2 = 100
x = 10 x = -10
x2 = 100 x 2 = 100
(10)2 = 100 (-10)2 = 100
100 = 100 100 = 100
The values of x are 10 and – 10 to make the
equation x2 = 100.
EXTRACTING SQUARE ROOTS is used when the
quadratic equation is in the form of ± c = 0. or.
It has only quadratic term and a constant where
b = 0.

Examples:
1. 2. 2.

3.
 Identify which of the following quadratic equations
can be solved using extracting square roots.
1. YES
NO
3. NO
YES
NO
4. YES
5. 2x2 – 10 = 0 YES
8. -2 YES
QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Isolate the quadratic (The quadratic term is
term, x2. already isolated.

2. Get the square root

both sides of the
equation

3. Simplify (Don’t forget the ±

sign.)
 Checking

? ?
? ?
(3)2
(-3) 2

9=9 9=9

Therefore, the values of & . We can also say that the roots of the
quadratic equation are +3 and –3.
 QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. Isolate the quadratic (The sign of the constant changes

term, x2. if transferred to the other side of
the equal sign.)

2. Get the square root both

sides of the equation.

3. Simplify (Don’t forget the ± sign.)

 Checking

? ?
? ?
(11)
2 (-11)2 - 121
? ?
121 – 121 = 0 121 – 121 = 0
0 =0 0=0
Therefore, the values of &
. We can say that the roots of the quadratic
equation
are +11 and –11.
QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Isolate the quadratic (The sign of the constant
term, r2. changes if transferred to the
other side of the equal sign.)

2. Square root both

sides.

3. Simplify (Don’t forget the ± sign.)

 Checking

? ?
? ?

0=0 0=0
Therefore, the values of & . We can say that the roots of the
quadratic equation
are +12 and –12.
 QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Isolate the quadratic
term, x2.
2. Divide both sides by 2
3. Get the square root both
sides of the equation.
4. Simplify
2
(The sign of the constant changes
if transferred to the other side of
the equal sign.)
=
(Don’t forget the ± sign.)

Therefore, the values of &

. We can say that the roots of the quadratic
equation are +4 and –4.
 Checking

? ?
? ?
2(4)2 2(-4)2
? ?
2(16) – 32 = 0 2(16) – 32 = 0
? ?
32 – 32 = 0 32 – 32 = 0
0=0 0=0
 QUADRATIC EQUATION 2
1. Isolate the quadratic (The sign of the constant changes if
term, x2. transferred to the other side of the
equal sign.)
2. Divide both sides by 2 =
3. Get the square root both
sides of the equation.
4. Since 8 is not a perfect x=
square, look for a factor that x =
is perfect square
5. Simplify (Don’t forget the ± sign.)
Therefore, the values of &
. We can say that the roots of the quadratic equation
are and
Checking

2()2 ? 2()2 ?
2(4 ) – 16 = 0 ? 2(4 ) – 16 = 0 ?
2 (4 ∙ 2) – 16 =?0 2 (4 ∙ 2) – 16 =?0
2 (8) – 16 =?0 2 (8) – 16 = 0
?
16 – 16 = 0 ?
16 – 16 = 0
0=0 0=0
 QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Isolate the quadratic
term, x2.
2. Divide both sides by - 2
3. Get the square root both
sides of the equation.
2
(The sign of the constant changes
if transferred to the other side of
the equal sign.)
=

Since the results of are not real roots

therefore 2 has two complex roots.
 QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. Isolate the quadratic

term, (y+3)2. (The sign of the constant changes if
transferred to the other side of the
equal sign.)
2. Get the square root both
sides of the equation.
3. Simplify y+ 3 (Don’t forget the ± sign.)
y+3 = 5 y + 3 = -5
y=5-3 y=-5-3
y=2 y=-8

Therefore, the values of &

.
 Checking
2
? ?
? ?
(2 + 3)
2 (-8 + 3)
2
? ?
(5) – 25 = 0
2 (-5) – 25 = 0
2
? ?
25 – 25 = 0 25 – 25 = 0
0=0 0=0
 QUADRATIC EQUATION

1. Isolate the quadratic (The sign of the constant changes if

term, y2. transferred to the other side of the
equal sign.)

2. Get the square root both

sides of the equation.

3. Simplify y
(Don’t forget the ± sign.)
 Checking

? ?

( )2 ? (- )2 ?
–- = 0? –- = 0?

0=0 ?
0=0
Therefore, the values of &.
Objective
Solves quadratic equations by factoring
 Recall
FACTORING:
Pattern # 1 ax + ay + az = a(x + y + z)
Pattern # 2 Factoring Difference of Two Squares
x2 – y2 = (x + y) (x – y)
Pattern # 3 Factoring Perfect Square Trinomial
x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x+y)2 or (x+y)(x+y)
x2 - 2xy + y2 = (x-y)2 or (x-y)(x-y)
Pattern 4 Factoring Quadratic Trinomial of the form
x2 + (a+b)x + ab = (x+a)(x+b)
Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by
Factoring
1. Transform into standard form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2. Factor
3. Set each factor equal to 0
4. Solve for x
5. Check using the original equation
QUADRATIC
x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
EQUATIONS
1. Transform into x2 – 5x – 6 = 0 (the quadratic equation is
standard form in standard form)
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2. Factor
 Factor the first
term & the last
term
 Factors of the
first term

 Factors of the
last term, .
 SUM To find the right factors of
FACTORS the last term, , choose the
factors whose sum equals to
the numerical coefficient of
the linear term, . In this
case, the factors has a sum
of . That’s why we choose
as factors of the last term.
3. Set each
factor equal
to 0.

4. Solve for x

(change the sign when you transpose the term

to the other side of the equal sign, = )
 Checking

? ?
(6)2
(-1) 2
?
36 - 30 – 6 =? 0 1+5-6=0
?
36 – 36 =? 0 6–6=0
0=0 0=0
Therefore, the values of
We can say that the roots of the quadratic equation
are +6 and –11.
 Steps in Solving
Example 2 Quadratic Equations
by Factoring
2x2 = 8x
1. Transform into
2x2 – 8x = 0 standard form
2x (x -4) = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0
2. Factor
2x = 0 x-4 = 0
3. Set each factor
x2 = 4 equal to 0
4. Solve for x
x1 = 0
5. Check using the
original equation
 Checking

? ?
2(0)2 2(4)2 =? 8(4)
?
2(0) = 0 2(16) = 32
? ?
0=0 32 = 32
Therefore, the values of
We can say that the roots of the quadratic equation
are 0 and 4.
 Steps in Solving
Example 3 Quadratic Equations
4x2 = 20x - 25 by Factoring
4x2 – 20x + 25 = 0 1. Transform into
standard form
(2x - 5)2 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0
2. Factor
2x - 5 = 0 2x-5 = 0 3. Set each factor
equal to 0
4. Solve for x
5. Check using the
original equation
x1 = x2 =
 Checking

?
4 ()2 20()
? - 25
4() =?
= 50 - 25
?
25 = 25
Therefore, the values of
We can say that the roots of the quadratic equation
are equal.
Objective:

Solves quadratic equations by

completing the square
COMPLETING THE SQUARE is used
when the quadratic equation is not
factorable.
 Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

1.Write the equation in the form such that the

terms with variables are on the left side of the
equation and the constant term is on the right
side.
2. Divide both sides of the equation by a then
simplify.
3. Add the square of one-half of the coefficient
of x or b on both sides of the equation. The left
side of the equation becomes a perfect square
trinomial.
 Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

4. Express the perfect square trinomial

on the left side of the equation as a
square of a binomial.
5. Solve the resulting quadratic equation
by extracting the square root.
6. Solve the resulting linear equations.
7. Check the solutions using the original
equation or the given equation.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Write the equation
such that the terms with
variables are on the left
side of the equation and
the constant term is on
the right side.
2. Divide both sides of the
equation by a then simplify.
x2 – 2x = 15 
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
3. Add the square of one-half
of the coefficient of x on  
both sides of the equation.  
The left side of the equation
becomes a perfect square
trinomial.
2
=1

 
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
4. Express the perfect  
square trinomial on  
the left side of the
equation as a square
of a binomial.
5. Solve the resulting
quadratic equation by
extracting the square
 
root.
 
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
6. Solve the resulting
equations.
   

 
=5
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

If , substitute the value of x If , substitute the value of x to

to the original equation. the original equation.
 

 
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Write the equation
such that the terms with
variables are on the left
side of the equation and
the constant term is on
the right side.
2. Divide both sides of the
equation by a then simplify.
x2 + 6x = 16 
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
3. Add the square of one-half
of the coefficient of x on  
both sides of the equation.  
The left side of the equation
becomes a perfect square
trinomial.
2
=9

 
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
4. Express the perfect
square trinomial on  
the left side of the
equation as a square
of a binomial.
5. Solve the resulting
quadratic equation by
 
extracting the square
root.
 
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
6. Solve the resulting
equations.
   
3
 
=2
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

If , substitute the value of x If , substitute the value of x to

to the original equation. the original equation.
 
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Write the equation
such that the terms with
variables are on the left
side of the equation and
the constant term is on
the right side.
2. Divide both sides of the
equation by a then simplify.
 
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
3. Add the square of one-
half of the coefficient of x
on both sides of the
equation. The left side of
the equation becomes a
perfect square trinomial.

=
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
4. Express the perfect  
square trinomial on
the left side of the
equation as a square
of a binomial.
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

5. Solve the resulting

quadratic equation by
extracting the square
root.
 
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
6. Solve the resulting
equations.  x = -
  =

=
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

If , substitute the value of x If , substitute the value of x to the original

equation. 
to the original equation.

-3 + 3 =0
Objective:

Solves quadratic equations by

using the quadratic formula.
QUADRATIC FORMULA

QUADRATIC FORMULA is used for solving

quadratic equations that are difficult or
impossible to factor, and using it can be faster
than completing the square.  
QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Write the equation in  
standard form. The given equation is
in standard form.
Skip step 1 if the given  
equation is already in
standard form.
 
2. Identify the values of
a, b and c.
QUADRATIC
EQUATION
3. Substitute the
values of a, b and c to  
the quadratic formula.
4. Simplify the equation.
5. Solve for the values of Note: Take the Note: Take the
x or the roots or the positive value of negative value of x
solutions of the x  
quadratic equation.  
There could be one or    
two or no values of x.
There are two values of
x.    
  
6. Check the solutions using the original
equation or the given equation.
If , substitute the value If , substitute the value
of x to the original
of x to the original equation.
equation.  

 
QUADRATIC EQUATION
1. Write the equation in  
standard form. The given equation is
in standard form.
Skip step 1 if the given  
equation is already in
standard form.
 
2. Identify the values of
a, b and c.
QUADRATIC
EQUATION

3. Substitute the
values of a, b and c to  
the quadratic formula.
4. Simplify the
equation.
5. Solve for the values of Note: Take the Note: Take the
x or the roots or the positive value of negative value of x
solutions of the x  
quadratic equation.  
There could be one or    
two or no values of x.
There are two values of  
 
x.
  
6. Check the solutions using the original
equation or the given equation.
If , substitute the value If , substitute the value
of x to the original
of x to the original equation.
equation.